XOF Orientation Briefing

1
Security Classification Markings
Peggy Ushman Directorate of Security Forces and
Force Protection, Information Security Division
(HQ USAF/A7SI) Air Force Declassification Office
(AFDO) Classification Management 703-588-8549 DSN
425-8549 peggy.ushman_at_pentagon.af.mil
This briefing is unclassified. Any
classification markings are for training purposes
only.
2
Security Classification Markings

• Purpose
• To provide a basic foundation for marking
  classified documents
• Every individual who handles classified
  documents should be aware of the marking
  requirements. Proper document marking plays a
  vital role in the classification/declassification
  process.

3
Security Classification Markings
Original and Derivative Classification Classificat
ion by Compilation What to Classify/What Not to
Classify Purpose of Markings Original and
Derivative Classification Markings Working
Papers For Official Use Only Foreign Government
Information Markings REL TO Markings RD/FRD
Markings Declassification Decision Automatic
Declassification Declassification
Markings Classification Challenges SIPRNET E-Mail
4
Security Classification Markings
Original Classification - the initial decision
that an item of information could be expected to
cause damage to the national security if
subjected to unauthorized disclosure
Derivative Classification - the act of
incorporating, paraphrasing, restating, or
generating in new form information that is
already classified, and marking the newly
developed material consistent with the markings
of the source information
5
Security Classification Markings
Classification by Compilation
6
Security Classification Markings
What to Classify
Classify only the following
1.4 (a) Military plans, weapons systems or
operations
1.4 (b) Foreign government information
1.4 (c) Intelligence activities (including
special activities), intelligence sources or
methods, or cryptology
1.4 (d) Foreign relations or foreign activities
of the U.S. including confidential sources
1.4 (e) Scientific, technological, or economic
matters relating to the national security, which
includes defense against transnational terrorism
1.4 (f) U.S. Government programs for safeguarding
nuclear materials or facilities
1.4 (g) Vulnerabilities or capabilities of
systems, installations, infrastructures,
projects, plans, or protection services relating
to the national security, which includes defense
against transnational terrorism
1.4 (h) Weapons of mass destruction
Ref Executive Order 12958, as amended, Section
1.4
7
Security Classification Markings
What Not to Classify
Under no circumstances shall information be
classified in order to

• conceal violations of law, inefficiency, or
  administrative error

• prevent embarrassment to a person, organization,
  or agency

• restrain competition or

• prevent or delay the release of information that
  does not require protection in the interest of
  the national security.

Ref Executive Order 12958, as amended, Section
1.7 (a)
8
Security Classification Markings
Purpose of Markings
Classification markings

• identify the exact information that requires
  protection

• indicate the level of classification assigned to
  the information

• provide guidance on downgrading and
  declassification

• give information on the source and reason for
  classification

• warn of special access, control, or safeguarding
  requirements

9
Security Classification Markings
Controlled Access Program Coordination Office
(CAPCO) Markings
The Air Force now follows the CAPCO marking
requirements for all classified documents, both
paper and electronic. At an absolute minimum,
the overall marking will contain the U.S.
classification and the declassification date,
automatic declassification exemption, or MR.
SECRET SECRET//RESTRICTED DATA//MR
10
Security Classification Markings
Manual Review (MR)

• Used for derivatively classified documents where
  the Declassify On line states Source
  document is marked OADR or Source document is
  marked X4
• SECRET//MR

• Used with the DoE markings Restricted Data or
  Formerly Restricted Data
• SECRET//RESTRICTED DATA//MR

NOTE MR is only used in the overall
classification markings. It is not used in the
classification/ declassification instructions at
the bottom of the first page.
11
Security Classification Markings
Original Classification Markings
SECRET
Control notices/warnings/caveats will be included
with the overall classification and included in
the portion markings
SECRET
12
Security Classification Markings
Derivative Classification Markings
SECRET
SECRET
SECRET
SECRET
13
Security Classification Markings
OADR and X1-X8 Markings
SECRET//MR
14
Security Classification Markings
Working Papers
Working papers are documents and material
accumulated or created in the preparation of
finished documents and material.
Working papers containing classified information
shall be
Destroyed when no longer needed
Working papers are marked in the same manner as a
finished document at the same classification
level when transmitted outside the facility or if
the working papers are retained for more than 180
days from the original creation date.
15
Security Classification Markings
For Official Use Only (FOUO)
Information that has not been given a security
classification pursuant to the criteria of an
Executive Order, but which may be withheld from
the public because disclosure would cause a
foreseeable harm to an interest protected by one
or more FOIA exemptions 2 through 9 shall be
considered as being for official use only (FOUO).
FOUO is not a classification. It is a statutory
marking prohibiting the automatic release of
information to the public.
Ref DoD 5400.7/Air Force Supplement, Chapter 4
16
Security Classification Markings
For Official Use Only (FOUO)
Only unclassified material that falls under
exemptions 2-9 in the Freedom of Information Act
(FOIA) is considered FOUO. No other material can
be marked FOUO.
(b)(1) Classified (b)(2) Internal personnel
rules and practices (b)(3) Exempt by other
statute (b)(4) Commercial information that would
cause competitive harm (b)(5) Predecisional,
deliberative information (b)(6) Invasion of
personal privacy (b)(7) Compiled for law
enforcement purposes (b)(8) Records for the use
of any agency responsible for the regulation or
supervision of financial institutions (b)(9)
Records containing geological and geophysical
information concerning wells
17
Security Classification Markings
For Official Use Only (FOUO)

• An unclassified document containing FOUO
  information shall be marked For Official Use
  Only at the bottom on the outside of the front
  cover (if any), on each page containing FOUO
  information, and on the outside of the back cover
  (if any). Each paragraph containing FOUO
  information shall be marked (FOUO).

1. (U) Paragraph 1 is Unclassified. 2. (U)
Paragraph 2 is Unclassified 3. (FOUO) Paragraph
3 is For Official Use Only.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
18
Security Classification Markings
For Official Use Only (FOUO)

• Within a classified document, an individual page
  that contains both FOUO and classified
  information shall be marked at the top and bottom
  with the highest security classification of
  information appearing on the page. Individual
  paragraphs shall be marked at the appropriate
  classification level, unclassified, or FOUO, as
  appropriate.

19
Security Classification Markings
Foreign Government Information in US Documents
Examples of markings TOP SECRET//FGI DEU
GBR//MR SECRET//FGI CAN//MR
Foreign Government Information
U.S. Classification
Declassification Information
20
Security Classification Markings
Authorized for Release To (REL TO)

• Authorized for use on all classified defense
  information (excludes RD/FRD material)

• It identifies classified information that an
  originator has predetermined to be releasable or
  has been released, through established foreign
  disclosure procedures and channels, to the
  foreign country(ies)/international organizations
  indicated. Further foreign dissemination of the
  material, in any form, is authorized only after
  obtaining permission from the originator.

REL TO can only be used as an overall page
marking if the entire document is releasable to
the annotated country(ies).

• REL TO cannot be used with NOFORN on overall page
  markings. When a document contains both NOFORN
  and REL TO portions, NOFORN takes precedence for
  the markings at the top and bottom of the page.

21
Security Classification Markings
Authorized for Release To (REL TO)
22
Security Classification Markings
Authorized for Release To (REL TO)
23
Security Classification Markings
Authorized for Release To (REL TO)
SECRET//REL TO USA, NZL, NATO
This paragraph is marked (S//REL TO USA, AUS,
NZL,NATO)
Overall Marking
This paragraph is releasable to USA, NZL, and
NATO and matches the overall marking. Therefore,
it is marked (S//REL)
SECRET//REL TO USA, NZL, NATO
24
Security Classification Markings
Restricted Data (RD)/Formerly Restricted Data
(FRD)
25
Security Classification Markings
Restricted Data (RD)/Formerly Restricted Data
(FRD)
SECRET//RESTRICTED DATA//MR
SECRET//RESTRICTED DATA//MR
26
Security Classification Markings
Restricted Data (RD)/Formerly Restricted Data
(FRD)
The correct overall marking for this document
would be SECRET//RESTRICTED DATA/FORMERLY
RESTRICTED DATA-CRITICAL NUCLEAR WEAPON DESIGN
INFORMATION//MR

Portion markings

27
Security Classification Markings
Declassification Decision
The declassification decision determines the
duration of protection (REF E.O. 12958, as
amended, Sec 1.6(a)(4)). At the time an item of
national security information is originally
classified, original classifiers will determine
which of the following four declassification
instructions will be used, selecting, whenever
possible, the declassification instruction that
will result in the shortest duration of
classification
a. A date or event less than 10 years from the
date of the document or, if unable to identify
such a date or event
b. A date 10 years from the date of the document
or
c. A date greater than 10 and less than 25 years
from the date of the document or
d. A date 25 years from the date of the document.
28
Security Classification Markings
Automatic Declassification
In accordance with E.O. 12958, as amended, all
classified records that
(1) are more than 25 years old and
(2) have been determined to have permanent
historical value under Title 44, United States
Code,
shall be automatically declassified on December
31, 2006, whether or not the records have been
reviewed. Subsequently, all classified records
shall be automatically declassified on December
31 of the year that is 25 years from the date of
its original classification.
29
Security Classification Markings
Automatic Declassification Exemptions
30
Security Classification Markings
Automatic Declassification Exemptions
25X7 - reveal information that would clearly and
demonstrably impair the current ability of United
States Government officials to protect the
President, Vice President, and other protectees
for whom protection services, in the interest of
the national security, are authorized
25X8 - reveal information that would seriously
and demonstrably impair current national security
emergency preparedness plans or reveal current
vulnerabilities of systems, installations,
infrastructures, or projects relating to the
national security or
25X9 - violate a statute, treaty, or
international agreement.
Exemptions may be requested after the information
has been classified for 20 years. Any exemptions
used must be annotated in the appropriate
Security Classification/Declassification Guide
and approved by the Interagency Security
Classification Appeals Panel (ISCAP).
31
Security Classification Markings
Declassification Markings
For derivative classification actions, the
Declassify on line must include one of the
following
(1) date or event up to 25 years, as noted on the
source document or
(2) source marked OADR, date of source (cannot be
a date after October 1995) or
(3) source marked X1-X8, date of source (cannot
be a date after September 2003) or
(4) 25X1 through 25X9, and a specific date or
event for declassification or
(5) 25X1-human.
32
Security Classification Markings
Declassification Markings
Declassify on 25X4, 20401010
Required date format YYYYMMDD
33
Security Classification Markings
Declassification Markings
When a document has been declassified or
downgraded, the following markings shall be
applied
Declassified
Downgraded
34
Security Classification Markings
Declassification Markings
35
Security Classification Markings
Declassification Markings
36
Security Classification Markings
Declassification Markings
37
Security Classification Markings
Classification Challenges and Reclassification
Classification Challenges

• If you believe a document is classified at the
  improper level, you can challenge the
  classification status through your security
  manager. Classification challenges will be sent
  to the OCA for determination.

Reclassification (REF E.O. 12958, as amended,
Section 1.5 and 1.7 (c)

• An original classification authority may
  reclassify specific information only when the
  standards and procedures for classifying
  information are followed.

38
Security Classification Markings
SIPRNET

• ALL e-mails and documents on the SIPRNET must be
  marked with the appropriate classification
  markings, regardless of whether they are
  classified or unclassified

39
Security Classification Markings
E-Mail
40
Security Classification Markings
References
References Executive Order 12958, as Amended
(http//www.archives.gov/isoo/policy_documents/exe
cutive_order_12958_amendment.html) ISOO Marking
Booklet (http//www.archives.gov/isoo/training/m
arking_book_update.pdf) DoD 5200.1-PH
(http//www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/html/5
2001ph.htm) DoD 5200-1.R (http//www.dtic.mil/
whs/directives/corres/html/52001r.htm) DoD
5400.7/Air Force Supplement (http//www.e-publish
ing.af.mil/pubfiles/af/dod/dodr5400.7_afsup1/dodr5
400.7_afsup1.pdf) AFI 31-401 (http//www.e-publi
shing.af.mil/pubfiles/af/31/afi31-401/afi31-401.pd
f)
Additional Training http//www.dss.mil/training/
41
Security Classification Markings
QUESTIONS?