Poetry

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Poetry

• Poetry is the most compact form of literature.

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What is Poetry?

• Poetry is a blending of sound and sense. The
  musicality, rhythm, form, imagery, and feeling of
  a poem, along with the poems message, create an
  overall effect on the reader.

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Lines and Stanzas

• Poets arrange words in ways designed to touch
  readers senses, emotions, and minds.
• Most poems are written in lines, which may
  contain patterns of rhyme and rhythm.
• These lines may, in turn, be grouped in stanzas.

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Form and Structure

• Poems are written in lines, which vary in length
  depending on the feeling or thought the poet
  wishes to express.
• Poems may be divided into stanzas which are
  grouping of lines separated by space.

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Form

• The way a poems lines and words are arranged on
  a page is its form.
• The are many poetic forms. The most common are
  

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Ballad

• Narrative poem
• Tells a story-has a setting, plot, and characters
• Meant to be sung or recited
• Usually has rhythm and rhythm
• The Ballad of John Henry p. 956

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Epic

• Long narrative poem
• About a hero whose actions reflect the ideal and
  values of a nation or group
• Topics good and evil, life and death, and other
  serious topics

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Ode

• Type of lyric poem that addresses broad serious
  themes like justice, truth, and beauty

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Sonnet

• Poem that has a formal structure
• Has 14 lines
• Specific rhyme scheme and meter
• Sonnet means -little song -used for a variety
  of topics

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Free Verse

• No regular rhyme
• No regular rhythm
• No regular meter
• Used for a variety of subjects

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Couplet

• Rhymed pair of lines (2) in a poem
• Listen, my children, and you shall hear
• Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere.
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
• Paul Reveres Ride

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Limerick

• Short, humorous poem
• 5 lines
• Rhyme scheme aabba
• Created by 2 rhyming couplets
• Sing song rhythm

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Limerick

• There was an Old Man who supposed
• That the street door was partially closed
• But some very large rats
• Ate his coats and his hats,
• While that futile Old Gentleman dozed.
• Edward Leer

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Acrostic

• 1st letter of each line spells a word
• Usually the same as the title

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Epitaph

• Brief poem on a tombstone
• Usually with rhyming lines

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Haiku

• Unrhymed Japanese verse
• Consists of 3 unrhymed lines
• 5, 7, 5 syllables or 17 syllables in all
• Written in present tense
• About nature and senses
• There is much more to the Haiku that 5,7,5.

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Quatrain

• 4 lines
• Specific rhyme scheme
• Example
• abab
• abba envelope rhyme
• aabb
• aaba,bbcb,ccdc,dddd chain rhyme

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Cinquain

• Short
• Usually unrhymed
• 22 syllables distributed as
• 2, 4, 6, 8, 2 in 5 lines
• Line 1 Noun
• Line 2 Description of noun
• Line 3 Action
• Line 4 Feeling or Effect
• Line 5 Synonym of initial noun

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Cinquain

• Angels
• Kind beyond words
• They protect and forgive
• And make feeling of blissfulness
• Cherub

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Sound

• Used by poets to reinforce meaning
• Commonly Used Sound Devices
• Rhyme (internal and end), meter, word choice
  (diction), rhythm, repetition, alliteration, and
  onomatopoeia

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Rhyme

• Repetition of sounds at the ends of words such as
  well and shell
• Stormd at with shot and shell,
• While horse and hero fell,
• They that had fought so well
• Came thro the jaws of Death,
• Back from the mouth of Hell,

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Internal Rhyme

• Use of rhyming words within a line of poetry
• End Rhyme
• Use of rhyming words at the end of lines of
  poetry

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Alliteration

• Repetition of sounds at the beginning of words
• Used for emphasis and to give writing a musical
  quality
• And beneath, from the pebbles, in passing a
  spark
• Struck out by a steed flying fearless and fleet
  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

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Rhyme Scheme

• Pattern of end rhyme in a poem
• Charted by assigning a letter of the alphabet,
  beginning with the letter a, to each line
• Lines that rhyme are given the same letter

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Example Rhyme Scheme

• Hed have given me rolling lands, a
• Houses of marble, and billowing farms, b
• Pearls, to trickle between my hands, a
• Smoldering rubies, to circle my arms. b
• Dorothy Parker, The Choice

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Rhythm

• Pattern or flow of sound created by stressed and
  unstressed syllable in a line of poetry.

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Rhythm

• Rhythm is marked by accented and unaccented
  syllables in a line of poetry.

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Meter

• Regular pattern of accented and unaccented
  syllables in a line of poetry.
• Although all poems have rhythm, not all poems
  have meter.
• Foot
• Each unit of meter is known as a foot.

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Example Meter

• Whose woods these are I think I know.
• His house is in the village though
• Robert Frost
• Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

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Example Meter

• Cannon to l right of them
• Cannon to l left of them
• Alfred, Lord
  Tennyson,
• 
  The Charge of the Light Brigade

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Onomatopoeia

• Use of words whose sounds suggest their meaning.
• Bang and hiss are examples of onomatopoeia.
• Examples bang, pow, hiss, boom, buzz

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Repetition

• Sounds, words, phrases, or lines that are used
  more than once in a poem.
• Used to emphasize an idea or convey a feeling.

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Imagery

• Words and phrases that appeal to the 5 senses
• Used to create a picture in the readers mind or
  remind the reader of a familiar sensation

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Figurative Language

• Conveys a meaning beyond the literal meaning
• Simile
• Comparison of 2 things using the words like or
  as.

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Simile Example

• The willow is sleek as a velvet-nosed calf
• The ginkgo is leathery as an old bull.
• The willows branches are like silken thread
• The ginkgos like stubby rough wool.

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Metaphor

• Comparison of 2 things WITHOUT using like or
  as.

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Metaphor Example

• How can Sylvester be such an ox? cried Mrs.
  Robertson. Thats the third glass he has broken
  since we sat down.
• Every evening I spend with you is a circus!
  said the baby sitter. Cant you calm down.
• Life is a broken winged bird.
• The entire day has been one long nightmare.

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Symbolism-Symbol

• A person, place, object or action that is used to
  represent something else.

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Personification

• Giving inanimate objects, abstract ideas, or
  animals human characteristics.
• Example
• The weeks had raced by since the beginning of
  school, and Flora couldnt believe that vacation
  was here already.
• The sky grew lighter as the sun peered
  cautiously over the horizon.

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Personification Example

• The frosty night air had drawn designs on all the
  windows.
• Two stone lions guarded the entrance to our
  house.
• The snowstorm was over, and the ground now slept
  under a blanket of white.
• As Randy walked barefoot across the cold kitchen
  floor, the icy tiles bit his toes.

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Speaker

• The voice of the poem. The person who is
  speaking in a poem.
• The speaker may be the poet or author of the
  poem, but could be someone else.

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Tone

• The attitude of the speaker. Remember the voice
  need not be that of the poet.
• Example Tone Words
• angry friendly neutral
• sad distant
  unconcerned
• happy confident fearful
• calm nervous hopeful

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Hyperbole

• Extreme exaggeration