Rian Asmeida Farha binti Ahmad Rejab

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

• By
• Rian Asmeida Farha binti Ahmad Rejab
• Wan Fadhilah binti Wan Ibrahim

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INTRODUCTION

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic
  autoimmune disease that can be fatal however,
  with recent medical advances, fatalities are
  becoming increasingly rare.
• The immune system attacks the bodys cells and
  tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue
  damage.
• SLE can affect any part of the body, but most
  often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood
  vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system.
• Lupus can occur at any age, and is most common in
  women, particularly of non-European descent.

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EPIDEMIC

• About 90 of SLE sufferers are women while about
  10 are men and children.
• About 90 of women with SLE are in their
  childbearing years, within the range of 15 to 50
  years old.Ratio of SLE sufferers In the West,
  among Afro-Carribeans 1 in 250-500 peopleUSA - 1
  in 2,000 peopleChina - 1 in 1,000 people
• In Malaysia, it is estimated that more than
  10,000 people have been diagnosed with SLE over
  the past 30 years. However, this number may be
  only the tip of the iceberg. The Malaysian SLE
  Association believes that there are many more SLE
  sufferers in Malaysia who have not been
  diagnosed.

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Statistics by Country for Lupus
About prevalence and incidence statistics in
general for Lupus The word 'prevalence' of Lupus
usually means the estimated population of people
who are managing Lupus at any given time
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ETIOLOGY

• The cause(s) of lupus is currently unknown, but
  there are environmental and genetic factors
  involved.
• Some environmental factors which may trigger the
  disease include
• Infections
• antibiotics (especially those in the sulfa and
  penicillin groups)
• ultraviolet light
• extreme stress
• certain drugs
• hormones.

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SYMPTOMS
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
butterfly rash
Skin rashes
Finger turns blue
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS
Adapted from Tan, E.M., et. al. The 1982 Revised
Criteria for the Classification of SLE. Arth
Rheum 25 1271-1277.
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blood tests in the diagnosis of SLE

• The anti-nuclear antibody test (ANA) to determine
  if autoantibodies to cell nuclei are present in
  the blood.
• The anti-DNA antibody test to determine if there
  are antibodies to the genetic material in the
  cell .
• The anti-Sm antibody test to determine if there
  are antibodies to Sm, which is a
  ribonucleoprotein found in the cell nucleus .
• Tests to examine the total level of serum (blood)
  complement (a group of proteins which can be
  consumed in immune reactions), and specific
  levels of complement proteins C3 and C4.

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treatments

• Drug therapy
• nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and
  antimalarials
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
• Immunomodulating Drugs
• Anticoagulants
• Lifestyle changes
• avoiding direct sunlight, covering up with
  sun-protective clothing, and using strong UVA/UVB
  sunblock lotion can also be effective in
  preventing photosensitivity problems.
• Weight loss is also recommended in overweight and
  obese patients to alleviate some of the effects
  of the disease, especially where joint
  involvement is significant.

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REFERENCES

• http//www.lupus.org/webmodules/webarticlesnet/tem
  plates/new_aboutintroduction.aspx?articleid75zon
  eid9
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythe
  matosus
• http//www.lupusmalaysia.org/e/what-is-sle/
• http//www.cureresearch.com/l/lupus/stats-country.
  htm

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