The Civil War

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The Civil War
In correlation with Virginias 6th Grade Social
Studies Standards of Learning
By Katie Tardiff, Speech-Language Clinician
Crestwood Elementary School
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TIMELINE

• The Civil War lasted from 1861 until 1865. The
  southern states wanted to have their own nation
  and to be free to decide what laws to have. The
  north did not want the country to be broken
  apart.

1865
South secedes from the Union Confederate
troops attack Ft. Sumter, SC First Battle of
Manassas (Bull Run)
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A Nation Divided

• Life in the Northern and Southern states was
  different in many ways. These differences often
  caused conflicts and divided the nation.
• The Northern States were called Union States,
  while the Southern States were called Confederate
  States

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What Were the Differences?

• 1. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
• The people of the North and South did not agree
  on social and political issues

The South-- an agricultural society in which
people lived in small villages and on farms or
plantations
The North-- an urban society in which people
held jobs
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2. ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES

• The North and South did not agree on the use of
  tariffs. A tariff is an added price or fee that
  you must pay.

The North liked tariffs because they protected
factory owners and workers from competition in
other countries
The South against tariffs Planters were afraid
that England might stop buying cotton from the
South if tariffs were added.
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3. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT

• The North believed in a strong central government
  that would govern all of its states
• The South wanted each state to have the right to
  make its own laws

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4. SLAVERY

• The North believed that slavery was morally wrong
  and should be abolished (stopped forever)
• The South believed that the abolition of slavery
  would destroy the nations economy

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SECEDING FROM THE UNION

• Abraham Lincoln was elected the 16th President of
  the United States in 1860. Lincoln and many
  Northerners believed that the United States was
  one nation that should not be separated or
  divided. Most Southerners believed that states
  had freely created and joined the union and could
  freely leave it.
• In 1861, the Southern states began to secede
  (leave) the union. They formed their own nation
  and called themselves The Confederate States of
  America.

Abraham LincolnThe 16th President of the U.S.
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THE UNION

• States that seceded
• from the Union
• Alabama
• Arkansas
• Florida
• Georgia
• Louisiana
• Mississippi
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Virginia

• New Jersey
• New York
• Ohio
• Oregon
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• Vermont
• West Virginia (Western counties of Virginia that
  refused to secede from the Union)
• Wisconsin

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MAP OF THE STATES

• LEGEND
• States that seceded from the Union
• Slave States that remained in the Union
• Free States that remained in the Union

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THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS

• In April of 1861, the disagreements between the
  Northern and Southern states were at an all-time
  high.
• The Confederate Army of the Southern States
  attacked Fort Sumter in Charleston, South
  Carolina.  
• President Lincoln was forced to declare WAR!

click on the image to see a movie
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MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS OF THE WAR

• The attack on Ft. Sumter began the war
• The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) was the
  1st Major Battle

click on the image to see a movie
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MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS OF THE WAR

• The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation made
  freeing the slaves the new focus of the war.
  Many freed slaves joined the Union Army.
• The Battle of Vicksburg divided the South. The
  North got control of the Mississippi River.
• The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of
  the war because the Union Army stopped the
  Confederates from invading the North.

click on the image to see a movie
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CIVIL WAR LEADERS
ABRAHAM LINCOLN President during the Civil
War Opposed to slavery Wrote the Emancipation
Proclamation Determined to keep the United
States as one country Delivered the Gettysburg
Address
JEFFERSON DAVIS President of the Confederate
States of America during the Civil War
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CIVIL WAR LEADERS
ROBERT E. LEE Leader of the Confederacy (Army
of Northern Virginia) Had been offered command
of the Union forces at the beginning of the Civil
War, but chose not to fight against Virginia
Told Southerners to admit that they lost the war
and to come together as Americans after the war
ended
ULYSSES S. GRANT Leader of the Union Army Won
the War against the Confederacy
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CIVIL WAR LEADERS
FREDERICK DOUGLAS A former slave who escaped to
the North and became an abolitionist (someone who
believes slavery is wrong and should be illegal)
THOMAS STONEWALL JACKSON Was a skilled
Confederate general from Virginia
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THE ROLE OF WOMEN

• Women were forced to stay home and run businesses
  in the North and farms or plantations in the
  South.
• Clara Barton was a nurse during the Civil War.
  She created the American Red Cross.

Clara Barton
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AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WAR

• African Americans fought in both the Confederate
  and Union Armies, but they were paid less than
  white soldiers.
• African American soldiers were discriminated
  against and served in separated units led by
  white officers.
• Robert Smalls was an African American sailor and
  Union Naval Captain. He was honored for being
  very brave and a hero. He became a Congressman
  after the Civil War.

click on the image to see a movie
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THE END OF THE WAR

• The war was long and painful. Over 600,000 men
  died and over 1,100,000 were injured.
• General Lee surrendered to General Grant on April
  9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.
• The war was OVER!

Lee surrenders to Grant
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EFFECTS OF THE WAR

• Many southern cities were devastated and Atlanta
  and Richmond were even burned to the ground
• Families and friends were often forced to fight
  against each other
• Southern soldiers were young and did not have
  many uniforms or supplies
• Many men died from battle or disease
• The fighting was very dangerous
• Since the Confederacy lost, their money was
  worthless

Atlanta Burning