Satellite communications

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Satellite communications
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The different types of satellites

• Astronomy satellites - Hubble Space Telescope
• Atmospheric Studies satellites - Polar
• Communications satellites - Anik E
• Navigation satellites - Navstar
• Reconnaissance satellites - Kennan, Big Bird,
  Lacrosse
• Remote Sensing satellites - Radarsat
• Search and Rescue satellites - Cospas-Sarsat
• Space Exploration satellites - Galileo
• Weather satellites - Meteosat

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Astronomy Satellites

• They can be used to make star maps.
• They can be used to take pictures of the planets
  in the solar system.
• They can be used to make maps of different
  planetary surfaces.
• They can be used to study mysterious phenomena
  such as black holes.

Hubble Space Telescope
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Atmospheric Studies Satellites

• Polar has to gather information that will help
  scientists protect future satellites from
  atmospheric dangers such as radiation.
• The TIDE/PSI investigation is one of the main
  atmospheric studies experiments on board the
  Polar. It observes ions in the Earths
  atmosphere. It observes wind velocity, pressure,
  and the temperature of the ions.
• Polars job is to collect data that will help
  engineers design a future spacecraft that will be
  able to withstand the electromagnetic activity in
  space.

Polar
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Communications Satellites

• They allow radio, television, and telephone
  transmissions to be sent live all over the world.
• Anik E1 has the ability to hold 56 television
  channels compared to the standard 16.
• Right now, the Anik E2 satellite system carries
  all of Canadas television broadcast traffic. It
  also provides business with a variety of voice,
  data, and image services.

Anik E
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Navigation Satellites

• They were developed in the 1950s because ships
  needed to know exactly where they were at a
  certain time.
• Today, most navigation systems use time and
  distance to determine their location.
• The Navstar allow you to find your position
  anywhere on or above the planet.
• Information transmitted from a Navstar satellite
  provide the time and orbital position of the
  satellite.
• There are 24 orbiting Navstar satellites for
  navigation.

Navstar
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Reconnaissance Satellites

• They are used to spy on other countries.
• They provide information about military
  activities of foreign countries.
• They can have nuclear explosions in space.
• They can pick up radar transmissions while
  passing over a country.
• They can be used as a orbital weapon and launched
  at a ground target.

Kennan, Big Bird, Lacrosse
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Remote Sensing Satellites

• These satellites can aid research and resource
  management in agriculture, oceanography,
  forestry, hydrology, geology, cartography,
  meteorology, and many other environmental fields.
  
• It observes and measures our environment from a
  distance.
• For example, this satellite could track animal
  migration, or see how fast the forests are being
  cut down.
• It can monitor areas that has a harsh climate.

Radarsat
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Search and Rescue satellites

• These satellites can detect and locate emergency
  beacons carried by ships, aircrafts, or
  individuals in remote or dangerous places.
• Using mathematical calculations involving the
  Doppler effect, scientists can translate that
  signal into coordinates, and determine the
  location of the distress signal within four
  kilometers.
• The first rescue aided by spacecraft was in
  September of 1982 when a Soviet satellite,
  Cosmos-1383, detected a distress beacon from a
  pair of small airplanes that had crashed.

Cospas-Sarsat
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Space Exploration Satellites

• Space exploration satellites are not really
  satellites at all they are properly known as
  space probes.
• . Space exploration satellites are responsible
  for many of astronomy's most important
  achievements. Jupiter's rings, for example, were
  discovered by a space exploration satellite.
• Galileo was sent to Jupiter to study the planet's
  atmosphere, moons, and surrounding magnetosphere,
  for 2 years starting in December 1995.
• Galileo's ultimate goal after it reaches Jupiter
  is to penetrate Jupiter's layer of cloud cover so
  that it can take pictures.

Galileo
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Weather Satellites

• Because of weather satellite technology and
  communications satellite technology, you can find
  out the weather anywhere in the world any time of
  the day.
• There are two basic types of weather satellites
  those in geostationary orbit and those in polar
  orbit
• meteosat provides weather imaging of the Earth at
  both visible light and infrared wavelengths.

Meteosat
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Bibliography

• http//www.k12.nf.ca/gc/Science/Physics3204/Projec
  ts2003/SlotG/ProjectG14/types20of20satellites.ht
  ml
• http//www.satellitetrackingsystem.co.uk/satellite
  _tracking.htm
• http//www.envsci.rutgers.edu/group5/satellites.h
  tml