Immunity from Disease

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Immunity from Disease
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What is a infectious disease?

• Pathogen causes A change that disrupts the
  homeostasis in the body.
• Main agents can be
• Bacteria
• Protozoans
• Fungi
• Viruses
• Sources can be soil contaminated water and
  infected animals (that includes us)

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Bacteria
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Two Protozoans (and a Sponge) for 4 Flutes

• The protozoans, of which there are over 30,000
  species, are primitive, single-celled organisms,
  of which the best known example is probably the
  amoeba. Paramecium caudatum is one of the most
  common freshwater ciliates. The nasty-sounding
  Plasmodium virax is the malaria parasite like
  many parasites it has a complex life-cycle
  involving several hosts, and exists in several
  forms. Sponges are the most primitive group of
  multi-cellular animals. The Bath Sponge Euspongia
  mollissima finds itself in this piece on the
  strength of it's mellow name.

http//www.jsimonvanderwalt.com/catalog/plasmo.mid
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Fungi http//www.ucl.ac.uk
/Pharmacology/dc-bits/fungi-pics1-04m.jpg

• The Kingdom Fungi are important organisms, both
  in terms of their ecological and economic roles.
• They breaking down dead organic material,
• , most vascular plants could not grow without the
  symbiotic fungi, or mycorrhizae, that inhabit
  their roots and supply essential nutrients
• . Other fungi provide numerous drugs (such as
  penicillin and other antibiotics), foods like
  mushrooms, truffles and morels, and the bubbles
  in bread, champagne, and beer.Fungi also cause a
  number of plant and animal diseases
• in humans, ringworm, athlete's foot, and several
  more serious diseases are caused by fungi.
• . Plant diseases caused by fungi include rusts,
  smuts, and leaf, root, and stem rots, and may
  cause severe damage to crops.

• http//www.microbe.org/microbes/fungi1.asp
• http//waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0504.htm
• http//waynesword.palomar.edu/slime1.htm

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Viruses

• Made of protein coat
• Are they living?
• What are the criteria
  for life?
• Dont respire
• Dont grow
• Dont develop
• CAN make copies of
  themselves but only
  
  with hosts help
• Named after the illness or
  organ they infect.

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From birth symbiotic relationships are established

• You are inoculated with microorganisms on your
• skin
• upper respiratory system,
• lower urinary and reproductive tracks
• Lower intestinal track

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How they help

• They maintain equilibrium within the body by
  keeping other microorganisms from growing
• Can become potential pathogens when
• Conditions change and helpful organisms are
  eliminated
• Beneficial bacteria enter areas of the body where
  they are not normally found
• Body becomes weakened or injured

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Infectious disease

• Caused by the presence of pathogens
• Not all diseases caused by pathogens some are
• Inherited
• Caused by wear and tear
• Caused by exposure to chemicals (cirrhosis )
• Malnutrition (scurvy)

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What do we use to figure out if its a pathogen?

• Kochs postulates
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

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How are Pathogens Spread

• Must have continual source of the pathogen
• Living -
• Carriers human/ other animals
• Incubation period- dont show it yet
• Dead
• Inanimate object soil/ water
• Fungi
• botulism
• Intestinal parasites from water

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Transmission

• Four ways
• Direct contact- Cold, STDS
• By an object- money, toys, towels
• Through the air- Cough, sneezes..
• By an intermediate organism (vector)
• West Nile virsus-
• Lyme disease-
• Bubonic plague

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How do pathogens damage you
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Patterms of diease
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Treatment