Kingdom Protista

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Kingdom Protista

• Why are protists members of the catch all
  kingdom?

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Protist Phylums

• Golden algae
• Euglenas
• Dinoflagellates

• - Flagellates
• Sarcodines
• Sporozoan
• - Slime molds

- Ciliates
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Characteristics

• One-celled
• Nucleus (EUKARYOTES)
• Some contain chlorophyll
• Some depend on other organisms for food
• Live in water or damp soil
• Reproduce asexually

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You Might Be a Protist If

• Type of cell Eukaryote
• Number of species 200,000
• Definition Eukaryotes that are not members of
  the kingdom Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Eubacteria,
  or Archaebacteria
• Place in History (evolution)
• Protista is Greek for the very first
• Perhaps the very first eukaryotes

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ClassificationBy how they obtain nutrition

• 3 Types
• ANIMAL-LIKE - heterotrophs
• PLANT-LIKE - autotrophic photosynthesizers
• FUNGUS-LIKE external digestion by being a
  decomposer or parasite

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ANIMAL-LIKE Protists

• They are not animals, but act like animals.

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Zooflagellates

• Phylum Name Zoomastigina
• Nutrition Absorb nutrients through
  membranes
• Movement 1 or 2 flagella
• Habitat lakes and streams
• Reproduction Binary fission (most)
• Examples Trichomonas vaginalis (STD)
• Leishmania donorani (dumdum fever)

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Sarcodines

• Phylum Sarcodina
• Nutrition Capture and digest food by forming
  food vacuoles.
• Movement amoeboid movement temporary
  projections of cytoplasm called pseudopods
  (false feet)
• Habitat fresh and saltwater
• Reproduction Binary fission

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Sarcodines (cond)

• Examples
• Amoebas
• Heliozoans
• sun protists
• Foraminiferans (ocean)
• calcium carbonate shell
• White Cliffs of Dover
• Amy the Amoeba

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Ciliates

• Phylum Ciliophora (hair-like projections)
• Nutrition cilia sweeps food into gullet
• Movement cilia
• Habitat fresh and saltwater, free-living
• Reproduction mitosis or binary fission. Under
  stress- conjugation

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Ciliates (cond)
Examples Paramecium Trichocysts
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Honorable Mentions

• The sporozoans

• Plasmodium (transmitted by mosquitoes, causes
  malaria)
• NON MOTILE
• Parasitic

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PLANT-LIKE Protists
They are not plants, but act like plants
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Euglena

• Phylum Euglenophyta
• Have 2 flagella
• No cell wall
• Pellicle ribbon-like cell membrane
• Contain chloroplasts and can photosynthesize.

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Dinoflagellates

• Half are photosynthetic, half are heterotrophs.
• 2 flagella that wrap around its body.
• Many are luminescent.

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Diatoms

• Phylum Bacillariophyta
• Produce thin, delicate cell walls rich in
  silicon-the main ingredient in glass.

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Multi-cellular Algae

• Red Algae
• Brown Algae
• Green Algae

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Human Uses for Algae

• Major food source for the ocean.
• Produces much of the earths oxygen.
• Chemicals from algae are used to make plastics,
  waxes, paints, deodorants, etc. Also found in
  ice cream, pancake syrup, eggnog, etc.

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Fungus-like Protists

• Very similar to the fungi found in the Kingdom
  Fungi, EXCEPT They have centrioles and lack
  cell walls made of chitin

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Fungus-like protists

• Phylum names end in MYCOTA
• Examples are slime molds and water molds
• Great decomposers

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Harmful Effects of Protists

• Red tides
• Potato famine
• Malaria
• African Sleeping Sickness
• Transmitted by the tsetse fly
• Daytime slumber, nighttime insomnia
• Amoebic dysentary

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Red tide in the Gulf of Mexico