COMING FULL CIRCLE INTROSPECTIVE THINKING FOR A RETROSPECTIVE SCIENCE

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COMING FULL CIRCLEINTROSPECTIVE THINKING FOR A
RETROSPECTIVE SCIENCE

With contributions from Tom Swetnam, Jim Speer,
Peter Brown, Paolo Cherubini, Paul Sheppard,and
many, many other dendrochronologists over the
years.
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• Publications

Publications are the currency of science. If our
work is not published, then it may as well not be
done at all. In addition to communicating our
science broadly, publications enhance our ability
to continue our work by building a foundation of
knowledge and understanding, and by conferring
credibility that is essential to obtain the
necessary research funding in an increasingly
competitive field.
Thomas W. Swetnam, memo dated 18 August 1995,
sent to his students, staff, and post-docs
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• Bibliometrics

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• Bibliometrics

7 European6 American
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• Bibliometrics

WHAT IS BEING STUDIED IN DENDROCHRONOLOGY,AND
WHEN WAS IT BEING STUDIED?
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• Bibliometrics

• Spatiotemporal Trends in Dendrochronology
• Major Categories Climate, Archaeology, Ecology,
  Geomorphology, Hydrology, Isotopes, and
  Physiology
• Temporal Trends in Dendrochronological
  Publications
• Spatial Trends in Dendrochronological
  Publications
• Trends Assessed for the Last 20 Years (19872006)
• Caveats
• Inclusion in the bibliographic database assumes
  that tree rings were treated in some substantial
  way.
• Some publications are listed in more than one
  category (e.g. isotopes and climate), especially
  review articles.
• Some publications may be missing (which
  emphasizes the importance of sending
  publications to me).
• Geographical analyses are based on where the
  research is being conducted, not by whom.
• However, most researchers conduct their studies
  in their native country (but note exceptions,
  e.g. LDEO).

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• Bibliometrics

EcologicalApplications
OverallTrend
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Fire Studies

• Bibliometrics

Forest Health
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• Bibliometrics

ClimaticApplications
Temp ReconPrecip Recon
OverallTrend
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• Bibliometrics

ArchaeologicalApplications
IndicatesEnglish Heritage
OverallTrend
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• Bibliometrics

Applications inGeomorphology
OverallTrend
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• Bibliometrics

IsotopeStudies
OverallTrend
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• Bibliometrics

Studies inHydrology
OverallTrend
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• Bibliometrics

Studies inPhysiology
OverallTrend
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• Bibliometrics

All Publications in Dendrochronology
IndicatesEnglish Heritage
OverallTrend
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• Bibliometrics

WHERE IS DENDROCHRONOLOGY BEING CONDUCTED?
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Studies Conducted in U.S.
The Schweingruber-Eckstein Effect
Studies Conducted in U.S.
The Hollstein-Corona Effect
Studies Conducted in Europe
Studies Conducted in Europe
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• Bibliometrics

Eastern U.S.Central U.S.Western U.S.
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15 Top European countrieswhere
Dendrochronologyis most conducted
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Sweden
Finland
Norway
204
200
148
15 Top European countrieswhere
Dendrochronologyis most conducted
United Kingdom
Ireland
637
77
Poland
140
Netherlands
Germany
62
503
Czech Republic
53
Austria
101
412
Slovenia
Switzerland
59
325
France
Italy
79
Spain
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• Bibliometrics

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Yukon
Northwest Territories
Québec
Newfoundland/Labrador
Manitoba
Alberta
British Columbia
Saskatchewan
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island
Ontario
25
Other South and Central American Countries Costa
Rica 12 Peru 9Bolivia 9 Venezuela 6Fr.
Guyana 3 Panama 3Uruguay 2
Brazil
32
Mexico
97
75
124
Chile
Argentina
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Studies Conducted in Canada
OverallTrend
Studies Conducted in South America
OverallTrend
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Studies Conducted in Russia
OverallTrend
Studies Conducted in Australasia
OverallTrend
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• Bibliometrics

WHERE IS DENDROCHRONOLOGY BEING PUBLISHED?
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• Bibliometrics

• Impact Factor (IF)
• Developed in 1960s by Institute for Scientific
  Information (ISI), now Thomson Scientific, and
  used in-house for Science Citation Index and
  Social Science Citation Index.
• In 1975, Thomson Scientific began publishing
  Journal Citation Reports.
• Simple ratio IF(t) ---------------------------
  --------------------------------------
• Only relevant when considering the rank of the
  journal in a category of its peers (note IF of
  2.0 is considered good for natural/physical
  sciences).
• Faults include self-citations, review articles,
  exclusion of books/book chapters, short 2-yr
  window, editorial manipulation, time lag of issue
  release, skewed by one or a few articles
• Reality despite its faults, IF is increasingly
  used to measure productivity of researchers,
  affecting both hiring and promotion.
• IF will affect outlets chosen by researchers for
  publication, especially proceedings volumes and
  books.

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• Bibliometrics

Source Journal Citation Reports
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• Bibliometrics

Source Journal Citation Reports
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• Bibliometrics

400
372
Where have we been publishing?
343
331
350
3051 publications in just 25 journals,
representing 27 of all publications since 1920
300
247
250
193
1046 publications in just 3 journals,
representing 9.2 of all publications since 1920
200
150
125
121
116
114
102
100
93
94
80
100
70
66
65
64
59
58
51
47
49
46
45
50
0
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• Bibliometrics

10
9
ImpactFactor
Where have we been publishing?
Other High-Impact Journals Ecological
Applications (26) 3.470Journal of Climate
(30) 3.419Journal of Vegetation Science
(32) 2.382Tree Physiology (34) 2.297Ecoscience
(36) 1.174
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3051 publications in just 25 journals,
representing 27 of all publications!
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5
4
3
2
1
0
Nature
Science
Ecology
Lesovedenie
Radiocarbon
The Holocene
IAWA Journal
Forest Science
Climatic Change
English Heritage
Journal of Ecology
Journal of Forestry
Dendrochronologia
Tree-Ring Research
Quaternary Research
Journal of Biogeography
Vernacular Architecture
Annals of Forest Science
Canadian Journal of Botany
Trees - Structure and Function
Geophysical Research Letters
Forest Ecology and Management
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Forstwesen
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• Bibliometrics

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• Bibliometrics

Better Journals in Last 20 Years
Maintaining at the 10 Level
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35
Studies Conducted in Rest of Asia
Graduate Degrees in the Tree-Ring Sciences
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25
20
15
10
5
0
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
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• Conclusions

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• Bibliometrics

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• Bibliometrics

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COMING FULL CIRCLEINTROSPECTIVE THINKING FOR A
RETROSPECTIVE SCIENCE
THANK YOU!
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• Bibliometrics

7 European6 American
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• Bibliometrics

Name
Pubs Range Yrs Pubs/Yr
h-index 1. Fritz H. Schweingruber 19642007 44 4
.6 19 2. Dieter Eckstein 19672006 40 4.0
9 3. Edward R. Cook 19762008 33 3.8 41 4.
Michael G.L. Baillie 19722006 35 3.2 17 5.
Gordon C. Jacoby 19762008 33 3.4 20 6. Harold
C. Fritts 19562005 50 2.1 14 7. Rosanne
DArrigo 19872008 22 4.6 19 8. Ernst
Hollstein 19641988 25 3.8 3 9. Keith R.
Briffa 19832007 25 3.5 18 10.Elio
Corona 19582004 47 1.8 0 11.Bernd
Becker 19681999 32 2.6 20 12.Andrew E.
Douglass 19091949 41 1.8 15 13.Thomas W.
Swetnam 19822007 25 3.0 20
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Graduate Degrees in the Tree-Ring Sciences,
19982007
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
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• Bibliometrics

Europe U.S. Canada
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Studies Conducted in Rest of Asia
OverallTrend
Studies Conducted in Africa
OverallTrend