Implications of Genomic Research to Human Health, Industry, and Agricultural Practices

1
Implications of Genomic Research to Human Health,
Industry, and Agricultural Practices

• Laura Crawford
• Angela Latour
• Gareth Stowbridge
• Amanda Swisher

2
HGP Presentation Overview

• The science behind the project
• Results of genome mapping
• Current related research
• The future of genomics
• Ethical, legal, and social implications

3
The Human Genome Project (HGP)

• International effort began- 1990
• Major research sponsors
• U.S. Department of Energy
• National Institute of Health
• Human Genome Research Institute

4
HGP Background Science
5
Human Genome Project Goals

• Sequence DNA
• Genetic Map
• Gene Identification
• Model Organisms
• Functional Analysis

6
Results of Genome Mapping

• Human genome contains 3.2 billion bases
• Gene contains an average of 3,000 bases
• 99.9 of bases are identical in all people
• 3.7 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism)
• Identification and Functions of genes in progress

7
Current Genomics Research

• Gene variation analysis
• Gene functions and mutation analysis
• Proteomics- study of protein structure and
  function
• Informatics- development of tools to collect,
  organize, interpret data
• Microbe Gene Project
• Genomes To Life

8
(No Transcript)
9
Genomics in Human Health

• Medical applications
• Specific treatment based on needs
• pharmaceuticals
• Human immune response
• Early detection and prevention
• Gene therapy

10
Genomics in Engineering

• Industrial
• Bioprocessing
• Safety and health
• Agriculture
• Livestock breeding
• Plant engineering
• Environmental
• Energy production and use
• Waste clean up and prevention

11
Genomics in Other Areas

• Forensics- Identification by DNA sequences
• Organ and tissue transplants
• Legal issues criminal investigations victims
• Identification of family relationships
• Bioarchaeology
• Evolution
• Human migration
• Archeology
• Anthropology

12
Ethical, Legal and Social Implications

• Privacy and confidentiality
• Availability of genome maps
• Genetics vs. environment
• Gene therapy
• New training for medical personnel
• Informed Public
• Long term effects

13
Conclusions

• HGP has brought us much closer to realizing
  applications of genome mapping
• Implementation of these applications requires
  careful assessment of ethics and long term
  effects
• Genomes to Life Program will continue progress
  toward technology in a wide range of areas from
  genetic knowledge

14
Acknowlegments

• Group 3 Members
• U.S. Department of Energy
• www.ornl.gov
• Sources as listed in Paper
• Thank you!