Task Based Risk Assessment

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Task Based Risk Assessment
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Task Based Risk Assessment
Aim
To provide a clear understanding of the
principles and purpose of Task Based Risk
Assessment. To enable key personnel to develop
the practical skills necessary to complete
suitable and sufficient assessments in the
workplace.
Objectives
1 2 3 4
Apply the concepts of hazard, risk and control to
practical workplace situations. Formally record
assessment of risks using BP Task Based Risk
Assessment records. Develop control procedures to
reduce risk and evaluate residual risk. Review
risk assessment actions.
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Risk Assessment
Regulation 3 of the Management of Health Safety
at Work Regulations 1992 makes this a legal
requirement.
It requires a suitable and sufficient Risk
Assessment for significant risks.
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Task Based Risk Assessment
Exercise 1 Complete a Risk Assessment for
crossing a public road. The assessment should be
carried out under the following headings
What will increase the Likelihood that I will get
hurt
What can I do to Prevent being hurt.
How can I get Hurt
What would my injuries be
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Crossing a Public Road
What would my Injuries be
What can I do to prevent being hurt
What will increase the likelihood that I will get
hurt
How can I get Hurt
Hit by Vehicle Trip on the Kerb Fall down a Hole
Speed of vehicle Type of vehicle State of mind
when crossing Position of crossing e.g.
bend, parked vehicles, badly lit etc. Type of
road / Amount of traffic Weather conditions
Do not cross Look and listen e.g. Green cross
code Choose better location e.g. clear view,
zebra x-ing Use subway Use footbridge
Killed Serious Injury e.g. Fractures Minor Injury
e.g. Cuts, grazes Shock
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Task Based Risk Assessment
Exercise 2 - BASED ON YOUR OWN WORK
EXPERIENCE- 1. GIVE ONE POSSIBLE EXAMPLE OF A
TASK INVOLVING HIGH HAZARD , BUT WHICH
PRESENTS A LOW RISK. 2. GIVE ONE
EXAMPLE OF A TASK WHERE A LOW HAZARD COULD GIVE
RISE TO A HIGH RISK.
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Hazard

• Is the potential to cause Harm to People,
  Property or Environment

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Hazard Effect

• Death or Injury
• Environmental Impact
• Damage to Property
• All result in a loss, either personal, or to
  profits, business, reputation, skills etc.

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Evaluating Hazard Effect

• Number of persons involved or extent of injury
  likely to result
• Severity of injury
• Extent of environmental impact
• Cost of damage or business loss which may result

Use the worst credible scenario as the basis for
choosing hazard effect
Decide upon a realistic rating
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Task Based Risk Assessment
Exercise 3 Choose an activity which is most
familiar to you in your work. Identify the
hazards without using the checklist and then
using the checklist. ACTIVITY HAZARDS No
Checklist Using Checklist
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Hazard Checklist

• Chemicals
• Asphyxiants
• Drowning
• Biological Agents
• Confined Spaces
• Excavations
• Fall of Person from Height
• Fall of Objects / Material from Height
• Trip or Fall on same level
• Manual Handling
• Incorrect Posture
• Use of Machinery
• Mechanical Lifting
• Uncontrolled Release to Environment

• Operation of Vehicles
• Hand Tools
• Stored Energy
• Pressure
• Ignition Sources (including Static) / Fire
• Explosion
• Electricity
• Lighting
• Contact With Hot/Cold Surface
• Noise
• Vibration
• Radiation
• Adverse Weather
• SIMOPs

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Hazard Checklist

• Chemicals
• Corrosive, Toxic, Harmful, Irritant, Oxidising
• Asphyxiants
• Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Halon
• Drowning
• Biological Agents
• Laboratories, Sewers, Contaminated Water, Cooling
  Equipment
• Confined Spaces
• Storage Tanks, Ducting, Main Separators, Voids,
  Sumps
• Excavations

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Hazard Checklist continued

• Fall of Person from Height
• Rigging, Suspended Cradles, Ladders, Scaffolds
• Fall of Objects / Material from Height
• Tools, Debris, Equipment
• Trip or Fall on same level
• Uneven/Slippery Surface, Poor Housekeeping
• Manual Handling
• Lifting, Carrying, Pushing, Pulling
• Incorrect Posture
• Confined Spaces, Poor Balance, Use of Computer

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Hazard Checklist continued

• Use of Machinery
• Moving Parts, Dangerous Parts
• Mechanical Lifting
• Cranes, Hoist
• Operation of Vehicles
• Lift Trucks
• Hand Tools
• Hammers, Bolsters, Drills, Chisels
• Stored Energy
• Suspended Load, Hydraulic Systems
• Pressure
• Compressed Air, High Pressure Steam, Pressurised
  Fluids Gases

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Hazard Checklist continued

• Ignition Sources (including Static) / Fire
• Grinding, Cutting, Drilling, Welding
• Explosion
• Chemical, Pressure
• Electricity
• Cabinets, Switchrooms, Transformers
• Lighting
• Intense, Poor
• Contact With Hot/Cold Surface

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Hazard Checklist continued

• Noise
• Piling Rigs, Compressors, Pumps, Fans
• Vibration
• Percussive Tools, Heavy Plant
• Radiation
• Nucleonics, Gamma Rays, LSA Scale, Weld Flash
• Adverse Weather
• -- Ice/Snow, Rain, Sea Condition, High/Low wind
• Uncontrolled Release to Environment
• --Waste Disposal, Emissions/ Discharges
• SIMOPS -- hazards arising from simultaneous
  operations

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Risk

• Is a combination of the Hazard effect and the
  Probability that Harm to People, Property or
  Environment will actually occur

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What is Risk?

• Hazard effect
• No. of persons and extent of loss
• Combined with
• Probability
• Chance that the hazard effect will occur

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Probability

• How often the Hazard Effect is likely to occur,
  taking into account the frequency with which the
  task is performed

Consider
Who? What? Where? Why? When? How?
How Long? How Often? How Much?
Decide upon a realistic rating
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Control
Control is the Reduction in the level of Risk by
the Introduction of Safety Measures
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Hierarchy of Control

• Enclosure
• Top on container,
• Noise enclosure on Turbines/Pumps
• Reduced Exposure Times
• Job rotation, breaks, (needle guns)
• Dilution
• Dispense dilute chemical, open a window to remove
  fumes
• Extraction (Ventilation)
• Welding, Soldering, Grinding
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Gloves, Goggles, Safety Shoes, Helmet, Safety
  Harness
• Training/Procedures/Permit to Work/Isolation and
  Entry Certificate / Maintenance Schedules etc.

• Prohibit
• No stacking over specified height
• No use of chlorine based bleach
• No unauthorised personnel
• No jewellry
• Substitute
• Solvent based paints with water based
• Dusty powder with pastilles
• Electrical hand tools with compressed air
• Segregate
• Barrier, Guard, Separate Storage Areas, Physical
  Isolations (e.g.. Spade, Lock off)
• Change Process
• Automated Feed
• Use of Sack Slitter

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Task Based Risk Assessment
Exercise 6 Selection of Control Measures For
the following example you are asked to use the
Hierarchy of Control to suggest a series of
control measures which will reduce the risk to a
minimum. Task Activity Example A Mechanical
technician is operating a bench grinder for
sharpening a chisel. Hazard/Hazard
Effect Controls Residual Risk HE P
R
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Recording Risk Assessment

• Area
• Persons at risk
• Activity
• Hazards
• Risk
• Control measures
• Actions/responsibility
• Assessed by
• Date
• Review date

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Reviewing Risk Assessment
A review should be completed under the following
circumstances

• Periodically (depending on risk)
• Following Significant Changes (ie No longer
  valid)
• Following an Accident/Incident

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Probability

• Did you Consider
• WHO? - Skills, Knowledge, Training, Experience,
  Competence
• WHAT? - Type of Work, Number of Hazards, History
  of Accidents
• WHERE? - Indoors or Outdoors, Above Ground, Below
  Ground, Ground Level, Open Area, Confined Space.
• WHY? - Breakdown, Routine, Essential
• WHEN? - Time of Day, Others Present, Supervision
• HOW? - Procedure, Instructions, Safe System of
  Work, Method Statement
• HOW LONG? - Duration
• HOW OFTEN? - Continuous, Intermittent, Daily,
  Weekly, Monthly, Annually
• HOW MUCH? - Quality of Substance, Energy, Weight,
  Volume

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Task Based Risk Assessment
Exercise 4 A Mechanical technician is operating
a bench grinder for sharpening a chisel. 1. How
might this person be injured? 2. What will
affect the probability that such injuries will
occur?
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Evaluation of Risk
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Evaluation and Prioritisation ofRisk/Residual
Risk
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Task Based Risk Assessment
Exercise 5 For the situations in Exercise 4
calculate the risk factor. Hazard Hazard Effect
Probability Risk Factor (H)
(HE) (P) (1 - 15)
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Task Based Risk Assessment
Exercise 7 - (Group Exercise) With reference to
the attached case study you are asked to rewrite
the words underlined in the report under the
correct heading depending on whether you consider
them to be a-
Hazard
Hazard Effect
Factors Affecting Probability
Controls
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Accident Case Study
On 17.01.89, a violent reaction of magnesium
oxide and hydrochloric acid resulted in a severe
boilover and expulsion of materials from a
reactor. The three employees running the reactor
were sprayed with the material but were able to
get to a nearby safety shower immediately. All
three employees (plant engineer, senior operator
and part-time engineer) had first aid type
injuries with only one receiving medical analysis
for lung irritation the following day. Only
minor skin burns were apparent the next day. This
incident was a result of testing a different raw
material, The usual raw materials are magnesium
hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The following
steps were followed prior to the violent
reaction 1. 350 gallons of water placed in the
reactor. 2. Agitator was turned on. 3. 850
gallons of hydrochloric acid was added. 4. 14
bags of magnesium oxide were added within 15
minutes through the manway. At this stage the
reactor boiled over, spewing hot hydrochloric
acid into the plant area. The plant was
evacuated due to the acid fumes. the electricity
was then shut off to the area and the fumes were
evacuated via general ventilation fans. The area
was then washed down with water and drained to
waste treatment. Additional Notes 1. The
magnesium hydroxide reaction is done via slurry
and thus the manway is closed. The addition of
magnesium oxide is via bags which requires the
manway to be open. 2. There were previous
boilovers during the production of this material
utilising the original raw materials but not
through the manway. These boilovers flow to a
scrubber overflow tank. 3. The reaction is
extremely exothermic and the recipe for the slow
addition of the magnesium hydroxide is based on
temperature of the reaction. 4. Two other process
change projects were under review at this time
and they were receiving more scrutiny as this
test was not considered to be a major variance
from existing practices. (Although it was later
determined that magnesium oxide will not react
until it reaches a certain temperature (50C),
which is different from magnesium hydroxide which
reacts as soon as it is added.) 5. There was not
a Process Change Approval Procedure in place at
the time of the incident. 6. The employees were
wearing protective gears, safety glasses and bump
caps at the time of the incident.
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Task Based Risk Assessment
Expected Response to Exercise 7
Boilover and Expulsion