Germanys special path

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Germanys special path

• History of Germany
• Lecture 1

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Tuesday, 9.30 am Jessica Howlett Claudia
Kreklau Rachel Dawson Amanda Taylor Andrew
Hales Jo Swarbrick Anthony Hartley Ben Norland
Tuesday, 2.30 pm Jack Langmore Rebecca
Neale Charlotte Allchorn Julie Richards Ben
Hankinson Dean Simons Matthew Barry Rob Catton
Friday, 1.00 pm Tom Makin Emily Jones Joseph
Emly Martin Moore Ben Holness Peter Timothy Jack
Emmingham Chris Small
Friday, 9.30 am Jen Boscoe Beth Clinton Nigel
Ellams Sebastian Evans Karly Melaragno Vanessa
ODonnell Elizabeth Railton
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Schedule

• German Federal Traditions
• The National Anthem or where is Germany?
• Unification from Above
• Nation and Nationalism
• Germanys Special Path

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Schedule

• German Federal Traditions
• The National Anthem or where is Germany?
• Unification from Above
• Nation and Nationalism
• Germanys Special Path

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1.Deutschland, Deutschland über alles,über alles
in der Welt,wenn es stets zu Schutz und
Trutzebrüderlich zusammenhält!Von der Maas bis
an die Memel,von der Etsch bis an den Belt
Deutschland, Deutschland über alles,über alles
in der Welt! 2. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche
Treue,deutscher Wein und deutscher Sangsollen
in der Welt behaltenihren alten schönen
Klang,uns zu edler Tat begeisternunser ganzes
Leben lang Deutsche Frauen, deutsche
Treue,deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang! 3.
Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheitfür das deutsche
Vaterland!Danach lasst uns alle
strebenbrüderlich mit Herz und Hand!Einigkeit
und Recht und Freiheitsind des Glückes
Unterpfand blüh' im Glanze dieses
Glückes,blühe, deutsches Vaterland.
1. Germany, Germany above all,above anything in
the world,when always, for protection,we stand
together as brothers.From the Meuse to the
Neman,from the Adige to the Belt,  Germany,
Germany above all,  above anything in the
world. 
August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben
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1.Deutschland, Deutschland über alles,über alles
in der Welt,wenn es stets zu Schutz und
Trutzebrüderlich zusammenhält!Von der Maas bis
an die Memel,von der Etsch bis an den Belt
Deutschland, Deutschland über alles,über alles
in der Welt! 2. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche
Treue,deutscher Wein und deutscher Sangsollen
in der Welt behaltenihren alten schönen
Klang,uns zu edler Tat begeisternunser ganzes
Leben lang Deutsche Frauen, deutsche
Treue,deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang! 3.
Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheitfür das deutsche
Vaterland!Danach lasst uns alle
strebenbrüderlich mit Herz und Hand!Einigkeit
und Recht und Freiheitsind des Glückes
Unterpfand blüh' im Glanze dieses
Glückes,blühe, deutsches Vaterland.
1. Germany, Germany above all,above anything in
the world,when always, for protection,we stand
together as brothers.From the Meuse to the
Neman,from the Adige to the Belt,  Germany,
Germany above all,  above anything in the
world.  2. German women, German
fidelity,German wine and German song,Shall
retain, throughout the world,Their old respected
fame,To inspire us to noble deedsFor the length
of our lives.German women, German
fidelity,German wine and German song. 3. Unity
and right and freedomFor the German
FatherlandLet us all strive to this
goalBrotherly, with heart and hand.Unity and
rights and freedomAre the pledge of fortune
grand.Prosper in this fortune's glory,Prosper
German fatherland.
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1. Heil dir im Siegerkranz,Herrscher des
Vaterlands!Heil, Kaiser, dir!Fühl in des
Thrones GlanzDie hohe Wonne ganz,Liebling des
Volks zu sein!Heil Kaiser, dir!
1. Hail to thee in victor's crown,Ruler of the
fatherland!Hail to thee, Kaiser!Feel in the
throne's glowThe high ecstasy in fullTo be
darling of thy people!Hail to thee, Kaiser!
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Schedule

• German Federal Traditions
• The National Anthem or where is Germany?
• Unification from Above
• Nation and Nationalism
• Germanys Special Path

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Germania, 1914 Friedrich August von Kaulbach, 192
x 147 cm
Germania 1848
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German Dualism and the Founding of the German
Empire 1859-1871
Austria
Prussia
Efforts to reform the German Confederation
Prussia takes the lead in Germany with the help
of the Zollverein (Customs Union)
Breakdown of the Frankfurt Assembly of German
Princes 1863
Greater Germany
Lesser Germany
German-Danish war 1864
Austria brings an action against Prussia in front
of the Federal Diet. Prussia declares the end of
the German Confederation.
Alliance with Italy
France neutral
Prussian-Austrian War 1866
Prussia founds the North German Confederation
Austria excluded from Germany
Founding of the Empire in Versailles in January
1871
Napoleon III taken prisoner in September 1870
Declaration of war by France, July 1870
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Painting by A. v. Werner
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Constitutional Conflict in Prussia
1858 New Era under William I
Old Liberals with 55 of the deputies in the
Prussian Diet
Army Reform Kings Army vs. Army of the Parliament
German Progressive Party (Old Liberals 40,
Progressivists 29.3 in Diet)
Constitutional conflict
1862 William I appoints Bismarck to be Minister
President of Prussia
Lückentheorie 1862-1866, governing without
legal budget
Liberals with 2/3 majority in Diet
Victorious wars 1864 und 1866
Founding of the National Liberal party
Diet idemnifies government 1866
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Schedule

• German Federal Traditions
• The National Anthem or where is Germany?
• Unification from Above
• Nation and Nationalism
• Germanys Special Path

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Nation as a natural, God-given way of
classifying men, as an inherent political
destiny, are a myth nationalism, which sometimes
takes preexisting cultures and turns them into
nations, sometimes invents them, and often
obliterates preexisting cultures that is a
reality. (Ernest Gellner)
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Nations do not make states and nationalisms but
the other way round. (Eric Hobsbawm)
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• A nation can therefore be defined as
• a named human population
• sharing an historic territory,
• common myths and historical memories,
• a mass public culture,
• a common economy
• and common legal rights and duties for all
  members.
• Anthony D. Smith National Identity. Reno, Las
  Vegas, London 1991, p. 14.

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http//nationalismproject.org
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Schedule

• German Federal Traditions
• The National Anthem or where is Germany?
• Unification from Above
• Nation and Nationalism
• Germanys Special Path

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Friedrich II (Frederick II the Great ), King of
Prussia, as commander of his troops Painting by
Antoine Pesne, 1745
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Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)
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Wilhelm II
Field Marshal of the Reich Paul von Hindenburg
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Germanys special path (Deutscher Sonderweg)

• Distinctive German way to modernity which
  contrasts with the standard (West European,
  British, French) way
• Industrialization belated industrial revolution,
  several decades after that of England
• Failed bourgeois revolution in Germany (defeat of
  the democratic revolution of 1848)
• German unification not a result of the success of
  a liberal and democratic movement but created by
  the militarist Prussian state (born in war)
• Weimar republic not accepted by large part of the
  population, seen as a result of the defeat and
  forced onto Germany by the victorious Entente
• Continuous dominance of antidemocratic,
  reactionary elites (ostelbian agrarians, estate
  owners and big business)
• Traditions of Prussian militarism
• Culminating in Third Reich, seen as logical
  result of the German special path

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