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Research Needs Vehicle Track

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Advance warnings of hazards, and. Data collection to improve traffic and roadway safety ... Vehicle parts tracking and maintenance/replacement programs. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Research Needs Vehicle Track


1
Research Needs Vehicle Track
  • Prepared for
  • AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
  • Donna C. Nelson, Ph.D.
  • Transportation Perspectives, Inc
  • dcnelson_at_t-perspectives.com

2
Scope Focus of Vehicle Track
  • Workshop Tracks
  • Human Factors
  • Vehicles
  • Highway/Infrastructure
  • Vehicle Track Scope
  • Vehicle performance and design
  • In-vehicle technologies
  • Vehicle-related regulatory and policy research
  • ??
  • Focus
  • Focus is on long-term research needs 5 to 10
    years out.
  • Discussion of basic research at discretion of
    participants

3
Whitepaper Objectives
  • Identify future research needs related to vehicle
    safety.
  • Provide an overview of current and planned
    research related to vehicle safety
  • Set out a preliminary or strawman list of
    future research needs and gaps.

Paper developed to stimulate discussion,
complete review and synthesis not intended.
4
Where will we be in five years?
  • Changes in vehicle fleet
  • Introduction market penetration of advanced
    vehicle technologies
  • Alternative fuel vehicles
  • Fuel efficiency
  • Results from current round of DOT initiatives
  • Large-scale field tests of VII underway
  • Changes in US population demographics

5
Literature Review
Focused on
  • Existing USDOT Research and Program Plans with
    vehicle-safety elements.
  • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
    (NHTSA)
  • Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
    (FMCSA)
  • Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
  • New USDOT Initiatives and Exploratory
    Initiatives.
  • Emerging vehicle technologies and systems
  • Other materials and documents identifying
    emerging and future safety-related research gaps
    and needs, and discussions with vehicle-safety
    experts.

6
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Safety Rulemaking and Research Priorities
  • Priority Areas (2001-2004)
  • Increasing safety belt use, reducing impaired
    driving, addressing vehicle rollovers and vehicle
    crash incompatibility, improving data systems.
  • Near term (2005-2006) regulatory priorities
  • Rollovers, large truck tires, side impact
    protection, tire pressure monitoring systems,
    event data recorders, performance of child
    restraint systems (CRS) for larger children.
  • Longer term (2007-2009) potential actions
  • Research on tire bead unseating and tire
    strength, rulemaking on truck trailer antilock
    brake (ABS) performance.

7
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Admin.
  • (FMCSA) Office of Research Federal Motor Carrier
    Safety Administration and Technology Plan
  • Reduce commercial motor vehicle-related crashes,
    fatalities, injuries, and losses, and enhance
    operational efficiency.
  • Improve truck and motorcoach performance through
    vehicle-based safety technologies.
  • Safety focus areas address safety belt use,
    tires, conspicuity, car/truck compatibility, and
    the impact of new technologies.

8
Vehicle Infrastructure Cooperation
  • Communication between individual vehicles, and
    between vehicles and the infrastructure enables
    applications which
  • Improve safety, operations and maintenance.
  • Support the needs of the vehicle manufacturers
    and other private interests.
  • Safety applications include
  • Active safety warning system applications,
  • Crash and incident response applications,
  • Advance warnings of hazards, and
  • Data collection to improve traffic and roadway
    safety
  • Maintenance applications with safety
    implications.

9
US DOT ITS Initiatives
  • Integrated Vehicle-based Safety Systems
  • Integrated solutions that address rear-end,
    run-off-road, and lane change crashes.
  • Communication of an integrated warning to the
    driver,
  • Objective tests and criteria for performance of
    systems
  • Field test of integrated vehicle-based safety
    systems

Lane deviation systems
Lane keeping assistance
10
US DOT ITS Initiatives
  • Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance
    Systems
  • Develop and demonstrate cooperative intersection
    collision avoidance systems for both violations
    and gaps
  • Assess the value and acceptance of CICA systems
  • Develop tools to support industry deployments
    and
  • Support research, systems integration activities
  • Produce a system prototype and a large-scale
    field operational test by 2009.
  • Formal work plan under development

11
USDOT Exploratory Initiatives
  • Exploratory short-duration initiatives underway
  • Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) for
    Mobility,
  • Vehicle Assist and Automation Systems,
  • ITS Technologies to Reduce Pedestrian Injuries
    and Fatalities
  • Teen Driving Electronic Report Card, and
  • Wireless Truck and Bus Inspection.
  • Evaluated within a year of start-up, continued as
    "Tier One" initiatives or will be discontinued.

12
USDOT Exploratory Initiatives
  • Vehicle Assist Automation Systems for Transit
    Operations
  • Address safety in difficult operating conditions,
    such as main-tenance yards, narrow lanes or
    bus-only shoulders on freeways.
  • Builds on research and development of collision
    warning systems, integrated warning systems and
    lane-assist systems.
  • Teen Driving Electronic Report card
  • Develop and evaluate the usability, effectiveness
    and acceptability of a vehicle-based Teen Driving
    Electronic Report Card.
  • Vehicle-based technologies integrated into a
    device that can operate in real time to sense,
    record, evaluate and provide feedback on driving
    practices.

13
Preliminary list
  • Research needs topic areas for discussion in
    breakout group

14
Vehicle Compatibility Crash Worthiness
Develop vehicle designs that better protect their
own occupants and cause less harm to occupants of
the struck vehicle.
  • Vehicle aggressivity
  • Heavy vehicle under-runs
  • Vehicle partner-protection
  • Vehicle self-protection
  • Vehicle-to-vehicle compatibility

15
Reducing pedestrian injuries
http//world.honda.com/factbook/auto/motorshow/200
310/10.html
16
Restraints Injury Prevention
  • Advanced/smart restraint systems
  • Seatbelt reminders/safety belt interlocks
  • Adjustable restraint systems (upper anchorages)
  • Roll-over Sensors to deploy air bags in a
    rollover crash.
  • Improve roof crush protection and interior
    padding for occupants.
  • Reduction of occupant ejection through doors and
    windows
  • Improvements to head restraints, airbags

17
Crash/Safety Data
  • Crash dummies
  • Event data recorders
  • Commercial vehicle safety data
  • Vehicle condition monitoring
  • ???

18
Pre-crash safety systems
http//www.toyota.co.jp/en/tech/its/program/functi
on/pre_clash.html
19
Vehicle lighting, visibility and glare
  • Advanced lighting systems
  • Adaptive lighting
  • New lighting technology
  • Vision enhancement systems
  • Blindspot camera systems

20
Vehicle handling and performance
  • Improved Light Vehicle Braking
  • Stopping distance disparities between passenger
    cars and LTVs.
  • Electronic Braking Systems (EBS) and
    electro-hydraulic systems as possible
    replacements for the hydraulic brake systems now
    in use.
  • Electronic brake proportioning, brake assist,
    regenerative brake systems (RBS), and EBS and
    electro-hydraulic systems.

21
Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Ensuring that hydrogen ICE and fuel cell powered
vehicles provide a level of safety comparable to
that of other vehicles currently in use in the
United States.
  • Crash-testing of AFV
  • Post-crash incident response issues
  • Refueling and fuels storage
  • Vehicle compatibility

22
Motorcoaches
  • Emergency evacuation
  • Evacuation plans
  • Push-out windows/exits
  • Window glazing
  • Improved braking
  • Rollover stability control
  • Occupant protection
  • roof crush improvements
  • advanced restraint systems.

23
Schoolbus Safety
  • Current NHTSA research focused on side impact
    protection.
  • Topics under consideration include 
  • increasing seat back height requiring
    lap/shoulder restraints on smaller buses and test
    procedures for voluntarily installed lap/shoulder
    belts.
  • ??

24
Older Drivers and Occupants
  • Older drivers
  • Use of advanced in-vehicle technologies to help
    older drivers meet their driving needs.
  • Safely maintain mobility of aging populations.
  • Research to evaluate in-vehicle safety technology
    to improve safety for older drivers
  • Older Occupants
  • Older occupants' vulnerability to injury
  • Adequacy of current vehicle interiors and safety
    devices for protecting older occupants.
  • Development of age dependent injury criteria

25
Accessible motor vehicles
Provide vehicle safety without hindering access
to personal transportation, including allowing
persons with disabilities to drive.
  • Functionality and injury potential from installed
    equipment and vehicle modifications.
  • Potential for new in-vehicle technologies

26
Heavy-vehicle performance
  • Braking systems
  • Tire pressure monitoring
  • Re-tread tire performance
  • Vehicle stability
  • Vehicle conspicuity
  • Heavy vehicle tires
  • Vehicle under-runs

http//www.bsmotoring.com/2004/may22_1.htm
27
Heavy Vehicles
  • Concept of re-designed commercial vehicle with
    safety in mind.
  • Extension of VII program to heavy vehicles
  • Commercial vehicle safety screenings/wireless
    inspections
  • Vehicle parts tracking and maintenance/replacement
    programs.
  • Integrated vehicle diagnostics

28
Personal Conveyances
  • Increasing popularity of personal conveyances
  • Low speed vehicles
  • Hybrid, power-assisted vehicles
  • Standup scooters, pocket bikes
  • Evolving designs
  • Intended/appropriate uses
  • Safety requirements

http//www.electric-scooters-info.com/
29
In-vehicle systems
  • Emerging technologies
  • In-vehicle safety systems
  • Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration (VII)
  • Cooperative collision avoidance systems
  • Advanced sensor technologies
  • Advanced vehicle control
  • Visibility enhancement

30
VII Safety Use Cases
  • Turn Conflict Warning
  • Advance Warning Information to Vehicles
  • Commercial Vehicle Safety Data
  • Commercial Vehicle Electronic Clearance
  • Just-in-Time Repair Notification

Examples
  • Emergency Electronic Brake Lights
  • Visibility Enhancer
  • Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation System
  • Pre-Crash Sensing
  • Glare Reduction and Adaptive Headlight Aiming
  • Adaptive Drivetrain Management
  • Cooperative Forward Collision Warning
  • Blind Spot Warning and Blind Merge Warning
  • Highway Merge Assistant and lane change warning
  • Cooperative Collision Warning
  • Safety Event Recorder
  • Speed Limit Assistant

From VII Architecture and Functional
Requirements
31
VII-related issues
Opportunities and challenges presented by VII
  • Shared use of VII infrastructure and systems by
    safety and non-safety applications
  • Security and use of data produced by vehicles
  • System vulnerability to hackers
  • Definition of new safety applications enabled by
    VII applications

32
Workshop Challenges
  • Current programs provide a context.
  • We need to speculate
  • Likely safety issues and concerns five years out.
  • Continuation/evolution of on-going program/topic
    areas
  • New/emerging opportunities and challenges

33
Contact Information
  • Donna Nelson
  • dcnelson_at_t-perspectives.com
  • 301-977-8963
  • www.t-perspectives.com (under construction)
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