Evaluation and Spread of the System of Rice Intensificatio

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Evaluation and Spread of the System of Rice
Intensificationin ASIA

• 2nd National SRI Symposium
• October 3-5, 2007 Agartala, India
• Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD
• Cornell University, USA

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Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful,
committed citizens can change the world.Indeed,
that is the only thing that ever has.
-- Margaret Mead
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Knowledge/practice of SRI As of 1999
Madagascar
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SRI field in Madagascar, with a traditional
variety of rice
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The Start and Spread of SRI

• Devised by Fr. Henri de Laulanié, 1983-84
• Formation of Association Tefy Saina, 1990
• Collaboration of ATS and CIIFAD, 1994-98
• 1st trials outside of Madagascar, 1999-2000
• CHINA Nanjing Agricultural University
• INDONESIA Agency for Agric. Res. Dev.
• BANGLADESH CARE/BD and DAE
• Then spread Cambodia, Philippines, Laos,
  Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Cuba,
  Peru, Gambia, Sierra Leone .

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Knowledge/Use of SRI As of 2006
BHUTAN, IRAN, IRAQ, Zambia Senegal, PAKISTAN,
Mali, VIETNAM Benin, Guinea, Mozambique, Peru
CAMBODIA, Cuba, PHILIPPINES, LAOS, THAILAND,
MYANMAR, Sierra Leone, Gambia, SRI LANKA, NEPAL,
BANGLADESH, INDIA CHINA, INDONESIA Madagascar
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CHINA

• China National Hybrid Rice Research and
  Development Center, Changsha and Sanya
• Hosted 1st Intl. Conference on SRI, Sanya,
  April 2002
• Now promoting SRI within China and in African
  countries

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Prof. Yuan Longping, known as the father
of hybrid rice World Food Prize Laureate 2004
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SRI plot in Guinea with hybrid variety (GY032)
9.3 tons/ha
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CHINA

• China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou
• Co-sponsored 1st Intl. Conference on SRI, Sanya,
  April 2002
• Hosted 1st National SRI Workshop, Hangzhou,
  March, 2003
• In 2007 season, 333,333 hectares of SRI rice
  in Zhejiang province

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Farmers and officials in Bu Tou village, Tien Tai
township, Zhejiang province, with China SRI
coordinator, Prof. Zhu Defeng, CNRRI, and Norman
Uphoff
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47.9
34.7
Non-Flooding Rice Farming Technology in
Irrigated Paddy Field Dr. Tao Longxing, China
National Rice Research Institute, 2004
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CHINA

• Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
  Chengdu
• Crop Cultivation Research Center
• Seed Multiplication Farm, Meishan
• Triangular method of transplanting
• 16 t/ha yield in 2001
• Raised-bed zero-tillage alternative
• 13.4 t/ha yield in 2004
• 100,000 ha of SRI rice in 2007

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Liu Zhibin, CNHRRDC seed multiplication farm,
Meishan, Sichuan province raised beds /
zero-tillage 13.4 t/ha yield
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CHINA

• Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin,
  Heilongjiong
• 3-S system of rice cultivation, developed by
  Prof. Jin Xueyong
• Similar to SRI, with methods adapted for cold
  climatic conditions
• Heilongjiong province is in northern China
  adjoining Manchuria

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3-S seedlings are started at the endof winter in
plastic greenhouses
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Comparison between 3-S and normal rice in
Heilongjiong
3-S
Normal
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INDONESIA

• Agency for Agricultural Research and
  Development, Sukamandi
• National IPM Program, starting at Ciamis
• Farmer Field School Program of the Field
  Foundation, took over IPM work
• Nippon Koei project management team in Eastern
  Indonesia, from 2002
• Yayasan Aliksa Organik SRI

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SRI field, 20x40 cm spacing, at Sukamandi rice
research center 9.2 t/ha
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SRI vs. non-SRI plants hanging in Nippon Koei
office, Jakarta
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SRI vs. non-SRI plants in Lombok, under DISIMP
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Results of On-Farm Comparison Trials in Eastern
Indonesia

• Nine seasons 2002-2006
• N 12,133 Area 9,429.1 hectares
• Ave. increase in yield 3.3 t/ha (78)
• With reductions in inputs
• 40 less water
• 50 less chemical fertilizer
• 20 lower costs of production

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Productivity is increased with SRI, and at the
same time the environment is saved. . . . I want
to urge everybody, starting with the Minister of
Agriculture and everyone else -- let us support
this SRI method with our maximum capacity. --
Pres. S. B. Yudyoyono speaking at SRI Harvest
Festival, Cianjur, July 30, 2007
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CAMBODIA

• Center for Study and Development of Cambodian
  Agriculture (CEDAC)
• Support from GTZ, Oxfam America, Oxfam GB and
  other donor agencies
• SRI Secretariat set up within Ministry of
  Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
• National Development Plan, 2006-10
• 70,000-90,000 farmers using SRI

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Ms. Im Sarim, Cambodia, with rice plant
grown from a single seed, using SRI methods and
traditional variety -- yield of 6.72 t/ha
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Mok Mareth, Minister for Environment, with Koma
Yang Saing, CEDAC, at farmer convention promoting
SRI in Ro Veang commune
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LDS Charities Introduced SRI in Cambodia, 2006-07
season 146 households whose previous average
yield was 1.06 t/ha averaged 4.02 t/ha when
using SRI methods Hang Heins sons (left)
transplanted his whole SRI field (0.9 ha) in 1
day Heins neighbors (right) who used
traditional methods of transplanting used more
labor per hectare and got lower yields with old
methods Hang Heins previous yield was 1.2 t/ha
-- with SRI methods it was 5.0 t/ha
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PHILIPPINES

• NGO initiatives CDSMC, BIND
• Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM),
  affiliate of IIRR
• Establishment of SRI-Pilipinas in 2002
• Universities UPLB, Xavier, LSU, etc.
• Government agencies NIA, ATI, PhilRice, Dept.
  of Agriculture
• NGOs e.g., Save the Ifugao Terraces Movement
  (SITMo)

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RESULTING CROP -- 8.9 T/HA
From PP by Engr. Bong Salazar, now Deputy
Administrator, National Irrigation Administratio
n (NIA)
The rice plants are healthy with strong stalks
because of the organic fertilizer, soil aeration
through intermittent water application, and the
40 cm x 40 cm spacing. With strong stalks,
lodging never occurred.
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BANGLADESH

• SRI National Network of BD
• BRRI BD Rice Research Institute
• BRAC BD Rural Advancemt Comm
• DAE Dept. of Agric. Extension
• SAFE Sust. Agric. Farming Enterprise
  Development Group
• Syngenta Bangladesh Co. Ltd.
• BRF BD Rice Foundation -- etc.
• Evaluation funded by IRRI/BD, 2002-04

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Final Evaluation Report on Verification and
Refinement of the System of Rice Intensification
(SRI) Project in Selected Areas of Bangladesh
(SP 36 02)
AM Muazzam Husain, Gopal Chowhan, Proloy Barua,
AFM Razib Uddin, ABM Ziaur Rahman Submitted
to Poverty Elimination Through Rice Research
Assistance (PETRRA) IRRI, Dhaka, Bangladesh June
2004
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Comparative yield (t/ha)
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SRI LANKA

• Initial collaboration among
• Senior civil servant G. Batuwitage, Senior
  Assistant Secretary of Agriculture
• Senior politician S. Dissanayake, Deputy
  Minister of Agriculture
• Farmer/environmental activist W. M.
  Premaratna, Ecological Farming Center
• Some support from government agencies and NGOs,
  e.g., Oxfam/CAA

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Deputy Minister of Agriculture Salinda Dissanayake
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Cover photo of W. M. Premaratna, for ecol.
magazine
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Rice fields in Sri Lanka same variety, same
irrigation system, same soil, same drought
conventional rice (left), SRI (right)
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NEPAL

• Initial experiments not very impressive
• NEDECO comparison trials by FFSs in
  Sunsari-Morang Irrig. System, 2002-2003
• SRI average 8.28 t/ha
• Improved practice 6.01 t/ha
• Farmer practice 4.29 t/ha
• Morang district evaluations, 2004-2006
• From 100 m2 to gt2,000 farmers in 3 years
• 6.3 t/ha SRI vs. 3.1 t/ha with farmer practice

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Single SRI plant, Morang District, Nepal - 2005
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Rajendra Uprety, District Agricultural
Development Office, Morang District receiving
20,000 award in Nepal Development Marketplace
competition
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MYANMAR

• Metta Development Foundation introduced SRI
  through FFS methods
• 29 FFS in 2001
• 55 FFS in 2002
• 174 FFS in 2003
• 5,202 farmers trained in SRI 2001-2003
• By 2004, gt20,000 farmers using SRI
• Usual yield 2 t/ha FFS yields averaged 6.5 t/ha
  -- farmers averaged 4.4 t/ha

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Metta facilitates Farmer Field School (FFS)in
the northern parts of Myanmar in Kachin State
and Shan State
Farmer Field School
From PP presentation by Dr. Humayun Kabir, Metta
Development Foundation to Department of
Agriculture in Yangoon, June, 2002
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RICE YIELDS

• Average yield is 2-3 times higher than farmers
  usual yields, with 7.9 t/ha highest yield so far
• Farmers are very interested in SRI

From PP presentation by Dr. Humayun Kabir, Metta
Development Foundation, to Department of
Agriculture in Yangoon, June, 2002
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LAOS

• Community Aid Abroad (CAA), Oxfam affiliate in
  Australia
• Started SRI trials in 2001, has continued with
  them since, now getting some assistance from
  Ausaid
• IRRI office in Laos sponsored trials in 2003
  inconclusive results, since protocols not
  followed consistently

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RICE REVOLUTIONIN LAOS From Oxfam
International webpage http//www.oxfam. org/en/pr
ograms/development/ easia/laos_rice.htm
.Since the success of the original two-year
trials, the SRI method has been extended to more
farmers in more regions throughout Laos. The
national average rice yield in Laos is 3.27 tons
per hectare. Using SRI, farmers have an average
yield of 5.05 tons per hectare. This increase
means there are fewer rice shortage months
every year...
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THAILAND

• First trials by Multiple Cropping Center of
  Chiangmai University and McKean Rehabilitation
  Center not very impressive, but work continued
• Thai National SRI Network has functioned
  informally since 2003
• Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) has done SRI
  demonstrations in NE (Roi-et province) w/ CGIAR
  funding

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VIETNAM

• National IPM Program took lead in evaluating SRI
  from 2003
• Faculty at Thai Nguyen University and Hanoi
  Agricultural University have done trials and
  demonstrations to spread SRI in many provinces
• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
  and Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences now
  support

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FFS farmer in Dông Trù village, Hanoi province,
2005
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Reduction in Diseases and PestsAverage of
provincial trial data from the Vietnam National
IPM Program, 2005-2006
Insects/m2
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PAKISTAN

• International Centre for Integrated Mountain
  Development (ICIMOD) in 2004 got 50 yield
  increase in NWFP
• Water Management Wing of the Punjab Provincial
  Dept. of Agriculture now taking lead to spread
  SRI
• Faculty at University of Agriculture at
  Faisalabad collaborating on SRI

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Hafeez Mujib, DOA field manager, on right, with
farmer in basmati field
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VENTIONAL
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IRAQ

• Al-Mishkhab Rice Research Station near Najaf
  started SRI trials in 2005 under Dr. Khidir
  Hameed
• Using parachute and other methods
• Water saving (1/3) more important than yield
  increase (18 average) also appreciate seed
  reduction of 81
• National Committee for SRI formed

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Dr. Khidir Hameed with Iraqi farmers trying out
SRI
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Comparison of SRI vs. normal root growth at
MRRS, Najaf
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IRAN

• Haraz Technological Development and Extension
  Center at Amol near Caspian Sea started SRI
  trials in 2005
• Head of Agronomy Group, Bahman Larijani,
  confirmed a 55 increase in yield -- with a
  reduction in inputs
• Now starting to disseminate SRI methods within
  other districts of Iran

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Bahman Larijani
Counting SRI tillers
Comparison of roots
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BHUTAN

• Royal University of Bhutan faculty member, Karma
  Lhendup, first at Sherubtse College and now at
  College of Natural Resources, started testing SRI
  methods in 2006
• With successful demonstrations, FAO and
  Government are now interested in assisting with
  SRI

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Site II Plantation Variety Paropa
Trials conducted at elevations of 1600 to 2000
meters a.s.l.
Site III Plantation Variety Verna
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AFGHANISTAN

• Initial effort to introduce SRI in Ajrestan in
  2003 no outcome?
• Initiative of Aga Khan Foundation in 2007 to
  introduce SRI in Baghlan Province Kishan Rao
  (WASSAN) gave farmers training in May 2007 --
  showing good progress

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Two days after transplanting field not very
well leveled
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30 days after transplanting average of 11
tillers per plant
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96 days after transplanting some SRI plants had
120 tillers
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JAPAN

• Formation of Japan Association of System of Rice
  Intensification (J-SRI) in April 2007, based at
  University of Tokyo research in Indonesia
• Special initiative of Shuichi Sato, Nippon Koei
  team leader of DISIMP in E. Indonesia good
  example of international solidarity for SRI
  spread

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J-SRI team visit to Sadang Irrigation System in
South Sulawesi, May 2006 1st prize in
Consultants Photo Contest organized by the Tokyo
Office of World Bank, and Engineering and
Consulting Firms Association of Japan Prof. E.
Yamaji, University of Tokyo, chairman of J-SRI,
standing on right