Knee Injuries

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Knee Injuries

• Ryan Molzon

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Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain

• Mechanism
• Valgus force
• Signs and Symptoms
• Swelling, point tenderness over the MCL
• Reduction in all ROMs
• () Valgus Stress test
• Grades
• 1 No instability
• 2 Increase in laxity
• 3 complete tear

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Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain

• Mechanism
• Varus Force
• Signs and Symptoms
• Similar to a MCL injury but on the lateral side
  of the knee
• () Varus Stress Test

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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain

• Mechanism
• Contact (rare)
• Non-contact
• Occurs more in women than men
• Signs and Symptoms
• Heard pop
• Joint effusion
• Special Tests
• () Lachmans
• () Anterior Drawer

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Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain

• Mechanism
• Posterior translation of the tibia
• Signs and Symptoms
• pop
• Pain in medial gastrocnemius
• Swelling
• Reduced ROM

Ouch!!
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Menisci Tear

• Mechanism
• Hyperflexion, torsion force
• Signs and Symptoms
• Pain/locking along the joint line
• Types
• Bucket handle
• Flap
• Transverse
• Torn Horn

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Quadriceps/Hamstring Strain

• Mechanism
• Tensile Force
• Dynamic Overload
• Signs and Symptoms
• pop, swelling and point tender over tissue
• Reduce ROM
• Pain sites or different dependent on muscle group

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Contusions

• Mechanism
• Direct blow
• Signs and Symptoms
• Swelling, point tenderness
• May be reduce in ROM
• Caution Myositis Ossificans

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Chondromalachia

• Mechanism
• Softening of cartilage due to other pathologies
• Signs and Symptoms
• Grating sensation, swelling
• Reduced ROM due to pain
• Special Tests
• () Clarks Sign
• () Patellar Grind

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Patella Tendon Rupture

• Mechanism
• Due to chronic tendonitis
• Dynamic overload
• Signs and Symptoms
• pop
• Patella alta
• No ROM present

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Patella Dislocation/Subluxation

• Mechanism
• Direct blow
• Signs and Symptoms
• Deformity and possible swelling
• Reduced ROM due to pain
• Special Test
• () Apprehension

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Patella Tendonitis (Jumpers Knee)

• Mechanism
• Sports that have a lot of jumping and landing
• Signs and Symptoms
• Pain and crepitus over tendon
• Reduced ROM due to pain