Required Navigation Performance RNPRNAV Programs

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Required Navigation Performance (RNP)/RNAV
Programs

• Roy Grimes
• roy.grimes_at_faa.gov
• Flight Technologies and Procedures Division
  (AFS-400)
• rnp-brfgomwg

FAA / RNP-10 / 3-98
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PURPOSE

• The purpose of this presentation is to
• Explain the RNP/RNAV concepts and the process
  used to approve operators
• Provide HQ and Regional focal points for RNP/RNAV
• Provide sources of information including the FAA
  RNP website

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CONTACTS

• FAA Regional RNP/RNAV Focal Points
• (see Web site)
• FAA HQ -Aircraft/Operator Approval Information
• Roy Grimes 202 267-3734
  roy.grimes_at_faa.gov
• Bob Hanson 202 267-3739
  robert.g.hanson_at_faa.gov

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Oceanic Procedures Website

• Address www.faa.gov/ats/ato/130.htm
• QUICK JUMP MENU links to RVSM, RNP websites,
  Flight Standards Homepage, etc.

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RNP WEBSITE

• Focuses to date on oceanic ops
• Address www.faa.gov/ats/ato/rnp.htm
• Contents
• FAA Region and HQ RNP Focal Points
• FAA Order 8400.12A
• RNP-10 Operational Approval Outline
• NOTAMS Related RNP-10 Implementation
• Other Files Related to RNP-10 Implementation
• Basic RNAV/RNP-5 AC 90-96

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FLIGHT STANDARDS INSPECTOR HANDBOOKS AND BULLETINS

• RNP-5 HBAT 98015, HBGA 98-02,
• HBAW 98-06
• RNP-10 HBAT 98-16A, HBGA 98-03A, HBAW 98-07A
• ACCESS www.faa.gov/ats/ato/130.htm QUICK JUMP
  MENU, Aviation Flight Standards Service Safety
  Inspector Handbooks and Bulletins

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OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS PARAGRAPHS

• BO36 CLASS II NAVIGATION USING MULTIPLE LONG
  RANGE NAVIGATION STSTEMS
• B054 CLASS II NAVIGATION USING SINGLE LRNS
• B050 AUTHORIZED AREAS OF EN ROUTE
  OPERATION---LIMITATIONS AND PROVISIONS

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RNP-10 APPROVAL OUTLINE

• JOINT BULLETIN
• HBAT 98-16A/HBGA 98-03A/HBAW 98-07A
• PARAGRAPH 4 OUTLINES STEPS IN APPROVAL PROCESS
  WITH REFERENCES TO PARAS IN 8400.21A
• Outline with references also published on ATP
  Website

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WHY DO WE NEED RNP/RNAV

• Navigation component of CNS/ATM
• E.g., 50 NM longitudinal separation criteria
  published in PAC MID/ASIA Regional
  Supplementary Procedures
• Comm DCPC via voice or CPDLC
• Nav RNP-10
• Surveillance 30-min distance verification check
• (ATC judgment ADS needed for extended use)

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SOURCE DOCUMENTS

• ICAO Doc 9613, 2nd Ed. Manual on Required
  Navigation Performance
• Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards
  RNP for Area Navigation
• (RTCA DO-236A)
• AC 20-RNP and 90-RNP being developed by reps from
  AT,AFS, AIR, Industry in Satellite Operational
  Implementation Team (SOIT) Sub-group
• 4/Q 00 schedule for final draft

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State CAA RESPONSIBILITY

• ICAO RNP Manual, para 5.5.1
• State of Operator responsible for operational
  approval to operate in various RNP type airspaces

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TRANSITION PERIOD PROPOSAL

• ESTABLISH RNAV X
• ENCOMPASS CRITERIA OF EXISTING RNAV ACS
• PHASE IN CRITERIA OF DO-236 FOR ENROUTE
  OPERATIONS

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AIRCRAFT APPROVALS

• RNP APPROVED BY CERTIFICATION
• B747-400, B-777 CNS package incorporates GPS,
  RNP, Satellite Data Link and Surveillance
• B737 and GIV CNS packages incorporate RNP
• A-330 A-340 CNS packages certified (need to
  confirm)
• RNP-5 -10 APPROVED USING EXISTING CRITERIA
  (e.g., ACs) as cited in FAA Order 8400.12A
  AC 90-96

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RNP/RNAV CONCEPT

• RNP a statement of the navigation performance
  accuracy necessary for operation within a defined
  airspace
• NAV Performance Accuracy The Total System Error
  (TSE) allowed in the individual lateral and
  longitudinal dimensions (95 Probability basis)
• Used for statement of operating requirement
• (E.g., RNP-10, RNP-4, RNP-.3)
• RNP for Time and Vertical application under
  development addressed in DO-236A

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ELEMENTS OF APPROVAL

• RNP/RNAV IS MORE COMPLETE MEASURE OF NAVIGATION
  PERFORMANCE
• 1. TOTAL SYSTEM ERROR 95 PROBABILITY BASIS
• 2. RNAV EQUIPMENT FEATURES (LOWER RNP TYPES
  ENHANCED FEATURES REQUIRED (EG., ALERTS,
  DISPLAYS)
• 3. LOWER RNP TYPES, EVALUATE
• NAV INTEGRITY CONTAINMENT 10-5
• NAV CONTINUITY CONTAINMENT 10-5

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ELEMENTS OF TSE LATERAL

• Position estimation (primary)
• Flight Technical Error (FTE)
• Path definition (consistent path computation)
• Display error

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ELEMENTS OF TSE LONGITUDINAL

• Position estimation (primary)
• Path definition
• Display error

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RNP
10 NAUTICAL MILES
10 NAUTICAL MILES
10
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RNP-10 AIRCRAFT EXAMPLE
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RNP-5 -10 RELATIONSHIP TO EXISTING ACs AND FARs

• Order 8400.12A and AC 90-96 aircraft can be
  evaluated against existing ACs or FARs to
  establish RNP eligibility
• 8400.12A and AC 90-BRNAV show the judgments made
  that establish RNP eligibility using existing
  criteria
• Example INS or IRU system approval IAW PART 121,
  Appendix G can meet RNP-10 for 6.2 hours without
  further evaluation

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AIRCRAFT SEPARATION - 50NM
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RNP-10 CAPABILITY IS NAV ELEMENT OF50 NM LATERAL
SEPARATION

• Minimum 50 NM lateral separation (actual track
  separation is 55-60 NM) was implemented on NOPAC
  tracks on 4/23/98
• Specific details of the RNP-10 approval process
  are contained in FAA Order 8400.12A dated 2/9/98

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RNP-10 APPROVAL PROCESS

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ISSUES FOR 50-LAT/RNP-10 EXPANSION

• RNP-10 ELIGIBILITY OF INS AND IRS EQUIPPED
  AIRCRAFT FOR NEW PACOTS ROUTES
• EMPHASIS ON WEATHER DEVIAITON PROCEDURES
• PILOT AND CONTROLLER USE OF BEST COMM OPTION FOR
  WX DEVIATIONS HF, HF PHONE PATCH, SAT VOICE,
  CPDLC
• EMPHASIS ON CORRECT FILING OF R EQUIPMENT
  SUFFIX IN ICAO FLIGHT PLAN

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ISSUES (CONT.)

• CONTINUED INPUT OF OPERATOR AND AIRCRAFT INFO TO
  APPROVALS DATABASE
• ATP-130 RNP WEBSITE SHOWS DATA AND ADDRESS FOR
  DATABASE
• ALASKA/PACIFIC CHART SUPPS UPDATED

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OPS CONCEPT

• 50NM LAT SEPARATION MINIMUM APPLIED BETWEEN /R
  AIRCRFT.
• ENHANCES CONTROLLER CAPABILITY TO GRANT CLEARANCE
  TO DEVIATE WHEN 100NM TRACK SPACING APPLIED
• UNAPPROVED AIRCRAFT MAY FILE RANDOM TRACKS
  MINIMUM 100NM FROM
• RNP-10 PACOTS TRACKS
• IF JOINING NOPAC, FOLLOW ANCHORAGE NOTAM

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DOCUMENTS FOR OPERATOR RNP APPROVAL

• Operation Specifications - Air Carrier Operations
  B036, B038, B050
• Letters of Authorization - General Aviation
  Operations (FAA Order 8700.1, Chapter 222)
• Format for the LOA in FAA Order 8400.12A,
  Appendix 3, Documentation Required to Complete
  the Approval Process

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BASIC RNP-10 ELIGIBILITY GROUPS

• FAA Order 8400.12A reference paragraph is Para12,
  Determining Aircraft Eligibility
• Group I Approval shown in Airplane Flight
  Manual. Approval by aircraft certification
  action.
• Group II Previously approved under existing
  standards
• Group III Approved by data collection

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GROUP I - AIRCRAFT ELIGIBILITY

• These are aircraft that have been approved by
  aircraft certification for an RNP capability
• If an aircraft has an RNP navigation capability
  stated in the Airplane Flight Manual, then it is
  considered eligible for RNP-10

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GROUP II- AIRCRAFT

• Aircraft are considered RNP-10 eligible that meet
  one of the following criteria
• Qualify for the /E suffix as defined in the AIM
• Equipped with INSs or IRUS that have been
  approved in accordance with 14 CFR PART 121,
  Appendix G
• Primary means GPS equipped and operated in
  accordance with HBAT 95-09
• Multisensor system approved in accordance with AC
  20-130A
• Supplemental GPS (i.e.., used with another
  approved LRNS) in accordance with AC 90-94 and
  HBAT 95-02
• Currently approved for Australian RNAV or North
  Atlantic MNPS operations

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GROUP III - AIRCRAFT

• Aircraft that do not satisfy the eligibility for
  Group I or Group II Aircraft
• Operators may obtain approval for Group III
  Aircraft by conducting an operational data
  collection in accordance with FAA Order 8400.12A,
  Appendix 1 or Appendix 6

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PERIODIC DATA COLLECTION METHOD

• Two procedures
• A hand held GPS receiver is used to grade the
  INS/IRU during flight (high quality unit
  recommended)
• A single, un-updated gate position is used as a
  data point to determine an RNP-10 limit
• Both procedures are contained in Appendix 6 of
  FAA Order 8400.12A

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RNP-10 TIME LIMITS FOR INS/IRU EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT

• Baseline is 6.2 hours for aircraft approved using
  existing criteria (e.g.., Appendix G of Part 121,
  MNPS approval)
• RNP-10 time limit may be larger if operator or
  manufacturer proves the capability IAW 8400.12A
• Effect of En Route updates
• Automatic DME/DME updating Baseline minus 0.3
  hours
• Automatic DME/VOR updating Baseline minus 0.5
  hours
• Manual updating Baseline minus 1.0 hour

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EXTENDED INS/IRU TIME LIMIT

• Operators needing extended time limit for the INS
  or IRU take action IAW 8400.12A, Para 12D
• Extended time limit established by Aircraft
  Certification Office during initial certification
  or after evaluation of manufacturer or operator
  data
• Operator can take credit for triple mix using
  operational data to verify what credit is
  justified
• Operator can conduct operational data collection
  IAW Appendix 1 or 6 to justify extended time
  limit for individual INS systems

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ACO APPROVED RNP-10 TIMELIMIT (AREA OF OPS) FOR
INS AND IRUS

• CAROUSEL IV INS 6.2 HOURS
• LTN 72 INS 6.2 HOURS
• LTN 92 10.0 HOURS
• B767, 747-400, MD-11
• HW IRUS 12 HOURS
• TIME LIMITS FOR INDIVIDUAL OPERATORS EXTENDED
  BASED ON APPENDIX 1 OR 6 DATA COLLECTION

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ROUTE EVALUATION FOR INS/IRU EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT IN
GROUPS II AND III

• The operator must establish its capability to
  comply with RNP-10 time limit on all RNP-10
  routes (fixed or flex tracks) on which it intends
  to fly
• Start Point for Calculation The calculation
  should start at the point where the system is
  placed in the navigation mode or the point where
  it is expected to be updated

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ROUTE EVALUATION FOR INS/IRU EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT IN
GROUPS II AND III

• Stop Point for Calculation The stop point may
  be one of the following
• the point at which the aircraft will begin to
  navigate by reference to ICAO Standard Navaids
  (VOR, DME, NDB) and/or comes under radar
  surveillance from ATC or
• the point at which the navigation system is
  expected to be updated
• the point where RNP-10 approval is not required

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USE OF PRIMARY MEANS GPS FOR RNP-10 OPERATIONS

• Primary navigation GPS meets RNP-10 without time
  limits
• Dual GPS equipment is required
• If GPS is the only long-range navigation system,
  Fault Detection and Exclusion Program (FDE)
  required. (Includes Receiver Autonomous
  Integrity Monitoring (RAIM).
• Max FDE outage is 34 minutes
• Max FDE outage included as condition of dispatch
  or departure

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GPS FOR RNP-10 OPERATIONS

• Multi-sensor systems incorporating GPS approved
  IAW AC 20-130A are eligible for RNP-10 without a
  time limit
• Aircraft equipped with an approved GPS system and
  another approved LRNS (e.g. INS) are also
  eligible for RNP-10 without time limit
• Approval must be IAW AC 90-94 and HBAT
  95-02

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PILOT KNOWLEDGE OF RNP-10 REQUIREMENTS

• Commercial operator - Incorporates applicable
  8400.12A items into training programs and manuals
  
• General Aviation - Must show during application
  process that pilots will possess knowledge of
  RNP-10 policy and procedures
• Operator may elect to have pilots trained using
  in-house program or a contracted program or may
  elect to confirm pilot knowledge on application

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CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESS (MAINTENANCE) PROGRAMS

• Reference 8400.12A, Paragraph 14
• Previously approved maintenance programs for
  long-range navigation systems should be
  acceptable for RNP-10 operations
• Operators that have not previously been approved
  for oceanic operations (Class II Navigation)
  using long range navigation systems must submit
  appropriate maintenance programs changes for FAA
  review

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REF. PARAGRAPH, PARA 9, APPLICATION PROCESS

• The application should contain the following
  elements
• (1) Airworthiness Documents that establish the
  aircraft/nav system group being proposed, its
  RNP-10 approval status, and a list of airframes
  in that group
• (2) Approved RNP-10 Time Limit - where INS/IRUs
  only LRNS
• (3) Documentation of RNP-10 area of operations or
  tracks where specific aircraft/nav system is
  eligible
• (4) Documentation of operating practices and
  procedures for RNP-10
• (5) Documentation of pilot and/or dispatcher
  knowledge of RNP-10

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APPLICATION PROCESS CONTINUED

• (6) Documentation that appropriate Maintenance
  practices and procedures for RNP-10 have been
  adopted
• (7) Minimum Equipment List (MEL) updates, if
  applicable
• (8) Operating history that identifies past
  problems and incidents, if any, and actions
  taken to correct the situation
• (9) Awareness of the necessity for follow up
  action after navigation error reports and the
  potential for removal of RNP-10 operating
  authority

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CONCLUSION

• States have responsibility to approve aircraft
  and operators for flight on routes where RNP is
  required
• FAA Order 8400.12A contains the process and
  procedures for approval of aircraft and operators
• RNP-10 Operational Approval Outline outline or
  checklist with references to paragraphs in
  8400.12A
• Both are on web site www.faa.gov/ats/ato/rn
  p.htm

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CONCLUSION

• For questions, contact regional focal points or
  HQ OPRs as necessary