Laws, policies and trends in a multicultural perspective

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Laws, policies and trends in a multicultural
perspective

• Group presentation in SNE4110
• Group VUGESK

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Group members

• Ethiopia
• Georgia
• Kenya

• Spain
• Uganda
• Vietnam

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Presentation Outline

• Presentation
• Comments and questions by other groups
• Comments and question by lecturers
• Intermision

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Agenda
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Our countries - Overview

• Ethiopia
• Georgia
• Kenya

• Spain
• Uganda
• Vietnam

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Ethiopia

• Ethiopia is Africas oldest Independent country.
  Apart from a five year occupation by Mussolini
  (Italy), it has never been colonized.
• But the country is better known for its periodic
  droughts and famine, its long civil conflict and
  a boarder war with Eritrea.
• Population 74.2 million (UN, 2005)
• Capital Addis Ababa
• Area 1.13 million sq km (437,794 sq miles)
• Major languages Amharic, Oromo, Tigrinya, Somali
  
• Major religions Christianity, Islam

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Background data

• Life expectancy 46 years (men), 49 years (women)
  (UN)
• GNI per capita US 160 (World Bank, 2006)
• Population growth (annual ) 1.9
• Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 42.5
• Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 5.4
• Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)
  110.4
• Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 166.4
• Immunization, measles ( of children ages 12-23
  months) 71.0
• Primary completion rate, total ( of relevant age
  group) 50.6
• School enrollment, primary ( gross) 77.0
• School enrollment, secondary ( gross) 27.8
• School enrollment, tertiary ( gross) 2.5
• Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary
  education () 72.8

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Georgia - ??????????

• Population 4, 474,404 million
• Official languages Georgian (own alphabet)
• Capital Tbilisi
• Annual population growth rate 1
• Major religion Orthodox Christianity
• GNI per capita (Atlas method) (current US)
  1,060. (in 2004)
• Life expectancy women77 years and men 69
  years.

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Background data

• Types of schools Primary, secondary and tertiary
  .
• Special schools.
• Literacy rate (adults) 98.9 in 1998
• Gross enrolment ratio (GRT) 89 in 1989 (These do
  not include children with disabilities)
• Life expectancy in Georgia 69 years for men and
  77 for women.
• No accurate statistical data on the disabled
  children in Georgia, but several trends can be
  indicated. The number of disabled children is on
  the increase. Congenital diseases account for
  most of the disabilities( approx. 80)
• UNICEF registered 10,772 disabled children in
  Georgia
• There is no necessary and reliable information on
  the conditions of these children.

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Kenya

• Country The Republic of Kenya
• The government Coalition
• Capital Nairobi
• Population 34,707,817 approximately 10 lives
  with some type of disability or impairment (WHO)
• Population below poverty line 50
• GDP rate 5.2
• Unemployed 40
• Religion Christianity, Islam Hinduism , African
  traditional religion
• Official languages English and Kiswahili

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Background data

• Total fertility rate 4.91 children born per
  woman
• Birth rate 39.72 births /1,000 population
• Growth rate 2.57
• Death rates 14.02 / 1000 population
• Infant mortality rate total 59.26 deaths per
  1,000 live births male _6.92, female_56.54
• Literacy definition age 15 and over can read and
  write total population85.1
• Education system 8-4-4
• General Data on SNE
• 10 of the population has a disability.
• 25 are the school going age.
• Out of 750,000, an estimated 90,000 identified
  and assessed.
• 14,614 are enrolled in SNE programs

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Spain

• Population 44 395 286 inhabitants (2006)
• Annual population growth rate 0,65 (2005)
• Area 506 000 Km²
• Capital Madrid
• Political Parliamentary monarchy
• GNI per capita US 27 542 (2005)
• Life expectancy 75,9 years (men) / 82,8 years
  (women)
• Mortality rate infant 4 (per 1000 live births)
• Official languages Spanish. (Also Catalan,
  Galician and Euskera)
• Religion 80 Catholics / 12 atheist and
  agnostics

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Background data

• Illiteracy rate 2 (older than 15 years)
• Rate of persons with dissabilities 9 (3 528 222
  inhabitants)
• Disability by type
• Mobility 809 383
• Visual 697 778
• Hearing 665 479
• Autonomy 561 830 
• Learning 335 426
• Behavioral 338 519
• Speech 190 264
• Others 2 921 641

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Uganda

• Population Estimated over 28 million persons
  (2006)
• 2005 27.8million, growing at 3.5
• Life expectancy is 45 50 years
• Tentative Infant Mortality rate was 80.2 per 1000
  live births
• Total fertility rate 7.1 (2006)
• Source www.ubos.org
• Language
• Official language English
• Other local language as many as the districts
• Sign language
• Political Establish as the Republic of Uganda
• Source www.nyulawglobal.org
• Economic
• GNI/capital 250.0 (2005)
• 9.2 million (38) below the poverty line
• Religion Catholic, Anglicans, Muslims,
  Pentecostal and Others
• International Participation Uganda has committed
  herself on the following United Nations
  Convention on Human Rights

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Background data

• Children less than 15 years of age 49 of the
  population
• Children below 18 years of age 56 of the
  population
• Literacy rate was 65 (10 years and above)
• Data on special needs
• Both Inclusive and Special Education
• Recognition of sign language as a media of
  instruction in school.
• Persons with disability take more than 10 of the
  total population
• Primary school enrollment of children with
  disabilities estimates 170,893
• Mentally challenged (45,425) Visually impaired
  (40,316)
• Hearing Impaired (48,354) Physically Impaired
  (39,049) and Orphaned children (42,802)
• Recognition of sign language as a media of
  instruction in school.

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Vietnam

• Capital Hanoi
• Government Communism
• Population 84,238 (Mid-2005)
• Population growth (annual ) 1.0
• GNI (current US) 44.6 billion
• GNI per capita (current US) 540.0
• Life expectancy 70.3
• Infant mortality rate17.4 per 1,000 live births
• Mortality rate, under-5 per 1,000 23.2
• 54 ethnic groups Kinh (Viet) nearly 90, 53
  other over 10.
• Official language Vietnamese
• Main religions Buddhism (which fuses forms of
  Taoism and Confucianism), Christianity
  (Catholicism and Protestantism.

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Background data

• General education in Vietnam
• Primary completion rate, total ( of relevant age
  group) 100.8 (2003)
• School enrollment, primary ( gross) 98.0
• School enrollment, secondary ( gross) 73.5
• School enrollment, tertiary ( gross)10.2
• Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary
  education () 94.3
• Literacy rate, adult total ( of people ages 15
  and above) 90.3
• SNE related data (No fixed number)
• (Survey data of MOLISA)
• Number of PwDs (in 2003) 5.3 million(6.63 of
  total population)
• (WHO) Number of PwDs is approximately 10 of the
  population (8.3 million)
• Nearly 8 percent of Vietnamese households with
  PwDs, most of which are poor.
• (MOET) School-aged CwDs nearly 1 million
• (WHO) 1.2 million CwDs
• 230,000 CD go to school, account for 24.221.
• SNE teacher training institutions 4
  universities, 3 pre-education teacher training
  colleges and 7 provincial colleges.
• 105 SNE schools/centres, 10 of which changed to
  SNE resource centres.
• 2,500 schools with inclusive settings.
• 1 Monitoring Report on the Implementation of
  the Ordinance on the PwDs by National Assembly
  Committee of Social Issues, June 2006

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One more issue

• The effects of the Agent Orange (AO)/dioxin used
  by the US during the war in Vietnam.
• Over 72 million liters of toxic chemicals in
  Southern Vietnam, 44 million liters containing
  the agent orange composed of 170 kg of dioxin
  (from 1961 to 1971) a deadly chemical that
  causes genetic changes like cancer and birth
  deformities in the affected people.
• All these can be passed down to the victims next
  generations, again causing numerous severe
  diseases such as paralysis, mental retardation,
  blindness, deafness and deformities.
• About 2 million people directly affected by the
  agent orange and about 200,000 affected children.
  
• On 24 July 1998, the Red Cross Society of Vietnam
  established the Agent Orange Victims Protection
  Fund to help alleviate the consequences of the
  agent orange. ((White book of Human rights in
  Vietnam MOF)

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EDUCATION, HEALTH CARE, SOCIAL WELFARE, AND
HUMAN RIGHTS Law and Policies
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Education
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Education
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Health Care
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Health Care
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SOCIAL WELFARE
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SOCIAL WELFARE
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HUMAN RIGHTS
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HUMAN RIGHTS
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Similarities Differences
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Common laws and policies in our countries
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Different laws and policies in our countries
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Different laws and policies in our countries
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Adaptation of laws and policiesReasons for why
we should adapt any of the laws in each others
country
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SERVICES AND PROGRAMES
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Common services and programes in our countries

• Advocacy and lobbying
• Early Intervention Service
• Special Education services and programs
• Habilitation and Rehabilitation
• Training teachers in SNE
• Community-based training program.
• Vocational Training

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Services and programs in each country
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Services and programs in each country
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Early intervention services
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Early intervention services
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Standard Rules for Equalization of Opportunities
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Salamanca declaration
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Needs of each country
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Needs of each country
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Group process

• Members having too much to give, and therefore
  becoming difficulty to define very brief
• High spirit of cooperation and the desire to
  accomplish the task.
• Division of tasks and later mini-presentation of
  at ones countrys information

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• Thank you!