Beringia

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Beringia

• Ice Age (34K-30K B.C.)
• Bering sea was 100s of meters below current
  level
• Land Bridge
• 1,500 km wide
• Connected Asia and North America
• Lasted 10K years

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First Arrivals

• Large animals were attracted by the grasses and
  plants (tundra)
• Humans followed these animalstheir food source
• Arrived in Alaska
• Remaining 1000s of years b/4 entering present
  America (12K B.C.)

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Early N.A. Culture

• Food
• Mammoth die out (10K B.C.)
• Bison take its place
• Plants, berries, seeds become important source
  as large game begin to vanish
• Cultivation
• Central Mexico (8K B.C.)corn, squash, beans
• Southwest (3K B.C.)primitive type of corn

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Paleo-Indian Period (9,5007,900 B.C.)

• small bands (2 or 3 extended family groups)
  worked together in hunting and gathering
• groups were nomadicfollowing herds
• lived in base camps
• encountered other neighboring bandsexchanged
  fine grained rock and finished projectile points,
  held ceremonies and marriages
• Hunting done by the men and weapon was a finely
  crafted fluted projectile point

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• Hunting camps occupied by small groups of
  menmade and repaired weapons, waited for animals
  to pass nearby
• camps situated on crests of valleys overlooking
  game trails or in valleys where herds would
  migrate through
• hunters bring their game back to the base camp to
  share with other members of the band
• Females usually gathered plant foods, produced
  weather-tight shelters and warm clothing made of
  animal skins for the band

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Themes in Native American Mythology

• Creation How all elements were created. (i.e.
  plants, animals, humans, sun, etc.)
• Good vs. Evil Clashes among gods, among men,
  among men and gods.
• Afterlife Description of life after death.
• Relationships between man and gods.

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Winnebago (Ho-Chunk)

• The Winnebago lived near Green Bay on the shores
  of Lake Michigan during the 1600s but were forced
  westward during the 1820s and 1830s.
• In 1865 the Winnebago were moved to a reservation
  in northeast Nebraska. Many tribal members missed
  their homeland in Wisconsin and returned there.
• Today, many Winnebago people live and own land
  around Black Water Falls, Wisconsin, as well as
  in Nebraska.
• The Winnebago of Nebraska were known for their
  bandolier bags. Several features characterize
  their bags
• Offset shoulder straps, identical designs on both
  sides of the strap
• Similar or closely related bag and strap designs
• Linear designs that are often repeated
• Straight line fill-in appliqué floral elements
• Short back panels that are only 25 to 50 percent
  the height of the beaded panel

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Winnebago Pow Wow