Animal Use in Veterinary Medical Teaching: Reduce, Refine, Replace

1
Animal Use in Veterinary
Medical Teaching Reduce, Refine, Replace Update
from AAVMC Conference
K Snowden VTPB
2
AAVMC Educational Symposium

• Mar 9-10, 2006
• approx. 100 participants
• 24 US vet schools
• 2 other US universities
• 14 international vet schools
• Canada, UK, Australia, Germany, Netherlands,
  Spain, Japan, Norway, St. Kitts
• 10 other agencies

3
AAVMC Educational Symposium

• 10 other agencies
• Charles River Labs Int'l
• Am. Assoc. for Laboratory Animal Science
• Alternatives Research and Development
  Foundation
• Europ. Res. Centre for Alternatives to Using
  Animals
• Assoc. of Veterinarians for Animal Rights
• Humane Society of the United States
• Animalearn
• InterNICHE
• AVMA
• USDA

4
Animals in Veterinary Medical Teaching

• 3 "R"s
• reduce
• replace
• refine
• recycle

5
Animals in Veterinary Medical Teaching

• adult learning
• demonstrations of models/alternatives
• presentations on programs/practices

6
Adult Learning Processes

• knowledge / facts

7
Adult Learning Processes

• knowledge / facts
• thinking process
• "problem solving"
• "clinical reasoning"
• "case-based learning"

8
Adult Learning Processes

• knowledge / facts
• thinking process
• physical skills
• "psychomotor skills"
• "fine motor skills"
• "skills patterning"

9
Adult Learning Processes

• knowledge / facts
• thinking process
• motor skills

low
high animal use
10
Analysis of a task

• break down animal-associated activities to their
  component parts

11
Analysis of a task

• evaluate animal use at every level for
  application of 4 "Rs"
• refine
• reduce
• replace
• recycle

12
Analysis of a task

• How many of these components can be taught /
  mastered without live animals?
• models
• computer simulations
• cadavers

13
Analysis of physical tasks

• 1st live surgery
• work anaesthesia machine
• physical exam on animal
• intubate animal
• monitor anaesthesia
• surgical prep
• use instruments
• know anatomic landmarks

14
Analysis of a "motor skills" tasks

• 1st live surgery
• work anaesthesia machine
• physical exam on animal
• intubate animal
• monitor anaesthesia
• surgical prep
• use instruments
• ID anatomic landmarks

• cadaver anatomy
• practice on model
• choice of ET tube
• use laryngoscope

15
Analysis of a "motor skills" tasks

• 1st live surgery
• work anaesthesia machine
• physical exam on animal
• intubate animal
• monitor anaesthesia
• surgical prep
• use instruments
• ID anatomic landmarks

• ID instruments
• instrument use
• hold instruments
• tie knots
• suture choice
• needle choice

16
models

17
suture practicemodel

18
Analysis of "motor skills" tasks

• palpation
• animal restraint
• anatomic landmarks
• tactile skills
• tissue handling
• size
• texture

19
tactile practicemodel

artificial fishing worms
20
tactile practicemodel

21
tactile practicemodel

butterbean
play dough
22
haptic cow rectal palpation obstetrics Dr.
Sarah Baillie Univ. of Glasgow
23
Analysis of a task

• Analyze components of animal associated usage
• How many of these components can be learned
  before / instead of live animal use?
• models
• computer simulations
• cadavers

24
What are other CVMs doing?

• "willed-body", "ethically obtained",
  "educational memorial" programs
• large companion animal
• cadavers for anatomy training
• increased cadaver use for surgery

25
HSUS brochure
26
What are other CVMs doing?

• Surgery alternatives
• cadaver surgery
• surgery simulations

27
What are other CVMs doing?

• physical models
• plastination of organs

28
What are other CVMs doing?

• physical models
• resp phys human model

29
What are other CVMs doing?

• physical models
• model animals
• Rescuecritters
• Animalearn

30
What are other CVMs doing?

• computer based aids
• CD/DVD simulations
• cardiovasc physiology
• anatomy dissection
• evaluating pain
• anaesthesia

31
What are other CVMs doing?

• computer based / training aids
• lab animal alternatives
• AAALAS, USA
• NORINA, Scandanavia
• EURCA, Netherlands

32
What are other CVMs doing?

• clinical skills development labs
• 2 "learning lab" programs
• designated physical facilities
• designated tasks
• /- proctored designated times
• graded proficiency testing

33
What are other CVMs doing?
minimally invasive live animal use - laborador
retriever rescue - "recycle" research dogs -
"certify" student/staff dogs
34
What are other CVMs doing?

• other live animal use
• community ambulatory service
• shelter dog spay/neuter program

35
What is TAMU CVM doing?
"willed body" program VIBS anatomy cadavers
cadaver surgery
36
What is TAMU CVM doing?

• anaesthesia
• dog head intubation model
• IV catheter placement model
• bandaging
• dog model

37
What is TAMU CVM doing?

• surgery
• DASIE model
• orthopedics - plastic bones
• cadaver limb surgery
• surgery methods CD

38
What is TAMU CVM doing?

• live animal anaesthesia/ surgery
• Austin Shelter S/N
• Brazos Animal Shelter S/N
• AFCAT / BFCA

39
What is TAMU CVM doing?

• live animal basic skills
• VTPP teaching dog colony
• Dr. Lees nutrition dog colony
• "certified" student/staff dogs

40
What is TAMU CVM doing?

• live animal clinical skills
• TDCJ clinical rotation
• Brazos Animal Shelter
• Clinical Correlates I, II, III
• 4VM rotation Clin Micro/Parasit

41
(No Transcript)
42
(No Transcript)
43
(No Transcript)
44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57
How is TAMU CVM doing?

• good use of alternatives
• decreased level of animal use
• responsible use of live animals
• creative use of animal resources
• we can always improve!

58
What resources are available?

• InterNICHE
• lending library of alternatives
• Guinea pigs to Genes resource book
• Alternatives Research Development Foundation
• funds innovative research into alternatives

59