WAN Solutions

1
WAN Solutions

• Include cellular radio and PCS networks
  (including analog and digital cellular) and
  wireless data networks
• Although history of cellular networks has been
  brief, it has already seen three generation
• G1 - Initially debuted in Japan in 1979, is
  characterized as an analog transmission system
• 2G - The second generation introduced digital
  transmission, and the first of these networks
  were operational in 1992
• 2.5 G - Where we are now and likely to stay for
  some time. Enhanced data services
• 3G - Now quickly coming upon us

2
3G

• Includes digital transmission
• Will permit per-user and terminal mobility,
  providing a single mobile communication service,
  adjusted for broadband applications to be
  supported at higher data speeds in the range of
  144KBPS to 384KBPS, and even up to 2MBPS
• Currently in the auctioning process of licensing
• Many European countries paid exorbitant fees for
  licenses and now have to pay similar fees to
  implement the required infrastructure

3
3G

• Data services expected to raise sharply as a
  traffic stream in wireless networks
• Current allotted wireless spectrum and
  compression methods dont allow this to be
  feasible
• 3G is the broadband wireless system
• Currently under development
• Not certain that 3G networks will be implemented
  and installed
• 3G requires a whole new generation of equipment

4
3G

• 2003 expect to see some availability
• 2008 for 2Mbps data rates
• Labs are already in development of 4G and 5G
• Time from lab conception to implementation takes
  so long that the technology can actually be
  rendered out of date by that time

5
3G

• Designed for high-speed multimedia data and voice
• Goals are high-quality audio and video as well as
  global roaming
• Support for messaging
• Improved throughput and QoS support
• Improved voice quality
• Improved battery life
• Co-existence with current infrastructure
• encryption for m-commerce

6
3G Standards

• Frequency bands on a world wide basis 1885Mhz to
  2025Mhz and 2110Mhz to 2200Mhz to be used on a
  worldwide basis
• Internet Mobile Telecommunications IMT-2000
  services
• Voice - End to end store and forwarding of
  messages (implies 8Kbps to 64Kbps
• Audio service - 8Kbps to 64Kbps, or 64Kbps to
  384Kbps
• Text - Including messaging, paging, and e-mail
  services is expected to be offered at 8Kbps to
  64Kbps
• Image services - Support fax and still images at
  8Kbps to 54Kbps
• Video - Video telephony, video mail,
  Tele-shopping and so on at 64Kbps to 1,920Kbps

7
3G Implementation

• Satellites to be used to bridge the gap between
  terrestrial towers
• Strategy is to evolve the core from the current
  GSM technology to the 3G UMTS network technology
  (Universal Mobile Telephone Systems)
• 2.5G implementing mico-cell and pico-cell systems
  to help 3G evolve
• Use of dual mode or multimode handsets should
  help users with the transition.

8
3G Barriers

• There is a lot of competition in this arena with
  many different standards being advocated
• The already installed base must be utilized or
  the investment will be lost
• Question if there will be anticipated market
  demand for the services
• Because of exorbitant licensing fees and initial
  costs, 3G will have to pay for itself and will
  thus be an expensive service

9
4G and 5G

• 4G will be able to support data rates of 5Mbps to
  80Mbps, averaging around 20Mbps
• Will use Orthogonal Frequency Division
  Multiplexing and EDGE technologies
• Support streaming audio and video
• Capability for asymmetric network access
• Adaptive modulation or coding schemes
• Dynamic packet assignment
• Smart adaptive antennas

10
WAP

• Wireless Application Protocol
• Transforms internet information so that it can be
  displayed on the small screen of a mobile
  telephone or other portable device
• Basically strips down web code into basic text
• Slow transfer speeds
• Difficult to input into the web
• Used for phone web browsing

11
How WAP gets you on the web

• A person with a WAP-enabled cell phone types the
  address of the Web site into the phone (usually
  via the keypad)
• The micro browser sends the request over the
  airwaves as a digital signal
• A cell phone transmission tower picks up the
  signal and relays it by land line to a server
  operated by the wireless network
• The server contains a software filter called a
  WAP gateway, is then linked to the Internet. The
  WAP gateway software finds the Web page requested
  by the user
• The coding software coverts the Web page from
  HTML to WML, which is optimized for text-only
  displays because it is a compact binary form for
  transmission over the air allowing greater
  compression

12
How WAP gets you on the web

• The WAP gateway prepares the document for
  wireless transmission
• The WML document is transmitted tot he users
  cell phone and the devices micro browser
  receives the signal and presents it on the
  phones screen
• Your phone must be WAP enabled
• The site you are contacting must be WAP enabled
  (most are not)
• Your wireless provider must allow access to that
  particular site
• WAP demonstration http//www.gelon.net/
• Other demonstrations http//www.telstra.com.au/mob
  ilenet/phones/wap2/wap_demo.htm?tR4

13
WAP

• WAP is a wireless protocol so PCS devices work
  with it as well
• Palm Pilots - Provide a larger screen area and
  stylus makes for a better input device

14
WAP

• Mini PCs running Windows CE offer the largest
  workspace to date

15
What Protocols Make WAP Work?
16
WAP Protocols

• WAE Wireless Application Environment
• Defines user interface on the phone.
• Uses WML (Wireless Markup Method) Like HTML, it
  is a subset of XML
• Uses WML script, like JavaScript it is a
  scripting language

17
WAP Protocols

• WSP Wireless Session Protocol
• Manages the session
• Connectionless or connection based session
• Links WAE to either
• WTP for connection-oriented (maintains circuit)
  sessions
• WDP for connectionless (IP-like) sessions

18
WAP Protocols

• WTP Wireless Transaction Protocol
• Cuts outgoing information into packets
• Rejoins incoming packets into information
• Handles acknowledgments and retransmission
• Collectively, WSP and WTP correspond to HTTP in
  the TCP/IP protocol suite.

19
WAP Protocols

• WTLS Wireless Transport Level Security
• Data Integrity checks
• User Authentication
• Encrypt/Decrypt
• Provides similar features to Transport Layer
  Security (TLS) part of TCP/IP.

20
WAP Protocols

• WDP Wireless Datagram Protocol
• Interfaces many different bearer protocols to
  WTLS
• Maps GSM, CDMA, CDPD to a consistent method up
  the stack
• As data comes down the stack, WDP maps it out to
  the appropriate bearer protocol bearers

21
WAP Expectations

• WAP is expected to take off not because of web
  browsing as telcos had hoped
• M-commerce will generate demand
• The earliest stages of M-commerce is instant
  betting and gambling
• Bluetooth technologies and handheld devices will
  allow consumers to place orders and brows menus
  before entering establishments
• Will be able to buy items (such as pop) directly
  from phone instantly debiting bank accounts