DDR IN HAITI 19942004 by Shane Doolan

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DDR IN HAITI (1994-2004)byShane Doolan
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Why do we do Post-conflict Reconstruction?or
Nation Building?
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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004

• There are four pillars in Post-conflict
  Reconstruction
• Security
• Justice and Reconciliation
• Social and Economic Well-Being
• Governance and Participation

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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004

• The focus here is on the Security pillar
• Cannot have development without security
• One of the most critical steps in establishing
  security after a conflict is Disarmament,
  Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR)
• Cannot have security when everyone walking
  around with guns

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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004
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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004
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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004
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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004

• BACKGOUND

Papa Doc Baby Doc Aristide Great Migration US
Intervention
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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004

• Demobilization of the Haitian Army

Sent them home with their weapons
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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004

• Former Soldiers were stigmatized by their
  communities
• Private sector refused to hire them
• Denied employment in the public sector, Haitis
  largest employer

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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004

• After 1997 when international forces departed
  Haiti
• Haiti became a gangland
• Aristide armed gangsters to terrorize his
  opponents
• Former Soldiers were already armed and began
  killing police and government officials

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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004

• Money is scared
• The violence in Haiti discouraged FDI and other
  private investments
• Grants from the international community only
  trickled in
• By 2004 Haiti was the poorest country in the
  western hemisphere

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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004
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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004

• -70 of Haitians lives in abject
• -50 survive on less than 1
• -Life expectancy is 51 (region 71)
• -Infant mortality is 79/1000
• -1 in 8 children will die before the age of 5
• -Half the Adult population is illiterate
• -To top it all Haiti is the most country in the
  world.

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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004

• Eventually former soldiers that were not disarmed
  properly led a rebellion in February 2004 to
  overthrow the state
• The reconstruction effort of 1994 and 1997 became
  undone
• The US Marines had to go back in and now Haiti is
  being reconstructed
• All the gains made in 1997 were erased because of
  the marginalization of a specific group and a
  poor DDR program

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DDR IN HAITI 1994-2004Relevance

• Interstate
• WWI Germany
• Intrastate
• Haiti
• Intrastate
• Iraq
• Global stability and security

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Questions??