Energy Confinement Scaling Predictions for the Kinetically Stabilized Tandem Mirror

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Energy Confinement Scaling Predictions for the
Kinetically Stabilized Tandem Mirror
W. Horton, J.Pratt and H. L. Berk
6th International Conference on Open Magnetic
Systems 17-21July 2006 Tsukuba,Japan
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Advantages of TMX and Results

• Recent Parameter Improvements in GAMMA 10
  include
• Ion confinement potential of 3kV
• Er shear flow suppression of the turbulence and
  intermittent vortex structures-Visualization
  s MCP

Pratt Horton PoP may 2006
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Global Energy Confinement Time from Radial
Turbulent Transport Three Theoretical Models
and Four Data Models
Both straight Cylindrical and Toroidal systems
have turbulent drift waves. Only the toroidal
system has large effective gravity geff cs2/R
1011m/s2 producing large, radially extended
coherent structures.
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Drift Wave Turbulence in Torus with Magnetic
Shear --ETG
TLn/ve
T.-H. Watanabe, GKV simulations (2006) Shows how
Toroidal curvature creates long fingers
y/?e
x/?e
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Definitions of Potentials in TMX
effective gravity
Partial list of Diagnostics Movable microwave
interferometers Fraunhofer diffraction Two sets
of MCP soft X-ray detectors Two sets of 48
channel semiconductor tomography detector arrays
in the central cell Ge detector for X-rays 0.2keV
to 150keV Eight Langmuir probes 45o at rc
18cm HIBP with using Auo Eight sets of IES
correlated with the HIBP
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Higher Ion Confinement Potentials
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Soft X-Ray Tomography of Vortices and Fluctuations
Compare with ITG in Tokamak Kishimoto et al PIC
simulations
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Drift Waves in Sheared Rotating Plasma in
TMX, Horton and Liu, Phys.Fluids, 27, 2067,
1984.
Theory -- John Kim (IFS) Horton, Bowman,
Chagelshivili, Lominadze PoP June 2006
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Exact Lorentz Force Orbits
Alpha confinement is excellent with gyroradius
9cm at 3T.
V. I. Arnold states in Russian Math Survey, vol.
18, p.86, 1963 The perpetual adiabatic
invariance of the has been established It
has been established that a magnetic trap with
axial-symmetric mirror field can perpetually
retain charged particles.
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Ensemble of 2 kev protons in axisymmetric model
with G10 dimensions and field.
Grad-Students are writing new mpi with open mp
codes for the Cluster Computers
Add driftwaves and sheared rotation.
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Burning Plasma in Axisymmetric TMX unrolled
ITER 30m/1.5m,3T
Profiles DW radial losses
End loss rates
ECH power pulse in the TBD transport code with
ramp up and down of power over 10s followed by 10
s burning plasma.
End lose rates fnc. r,t Large initial transient
from core evolves to edge losses
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Electrostatic Drift Waves in TMX
Ap bounce average operator

• Axial localization length is cs/? ltLt
• For even modes the bounce averaged electron
  term- Ap becomes frequency dependent and gives
  the trapped electron mode.

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Drift-Alfven-Ballooning Interchange

• Drift Modes have
• Equation for electron fluid parallel to B

This leads to Thus,
and
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Alfven-MHD Eigenmodes

• The eigen mode equation for E0
• describes the k spectrum of modes from

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Ballooning Mode Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions in
the Axisymmetric Version of the G10 Mirror Field
constant dp/d?
Approximately units of 1/µs
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Symmetric TMs Reduced Sources of Instability and
Transport

• Using data base from tokamaks and stellarators
  Pratt and Horton show that a KSTM reactor
• has good reactor potential.. Why?
• Eliminate
• Eliminate Ip 15MA with Bp 1T confinement.
• Gain-- straight system with same coils giving 5T
  confinement field and half the volume of stored
  magnetic energy.
• G10 data supports this hypothesis.

thats interesting
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