Plant Morphology Michael G. Simpson

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Plant MorphologyMichael G. Simpson

• Plant Structure Terms
• Used for a specific structure/organ

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Plant Habit general form of a plant,
encompassing stem duration and branching
pattern, development, or texture.
Herb - plant with annual above-ground
parts Geophyte - perennial herb with
rootstock Vine - weak stemmed Liana - woody
vine Shrub - woody, multiple stems from
base Subshrub - woody just above ground Tree -
woody, one trunk
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Plant Duration how long a plant lives.
Annual- 1 year Biennial- 2 years Perennial- 3
or more years
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Plant Habitat environment where plant lives.
Terrestrial Aquatic Submersed Floating
Emergent Epiphytic Saxicolous
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Plant Life Form structure, life cycle,
physiology.
Therophyte annual Geophyte perennial
herb Epiphyte plant growing on another
plant Halophyte salt-adapted plants Succulent
plant with fleshy leaves or stems Xerophyte
plant living in dry, hot environments
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Roots
Function - absorption, anchorage Structure -
rootcap, root hairs, endodermis Adventitious
roots - arise from non-root organ Lateral roots
- arise from another root (1, 2, etc.)
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Root Types/Parts
taproot
fibrous
prop
haustorial
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Root Types/Parts
storage roots Raphanus sativus, radish
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Root Types/Parts
buttress roots Ficus rubiginosa, rusty-leaved fig
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Root Types/Parts
pneumatophores Avicennia germinans, black
mangrove
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Root Types/Parts
prop roots (also adventitious)
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Shoot
stem associated leaves
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Each leaf primordium develops into one
leaf.Caryota sp. Arecaceaeca. 20 feet long!
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Stem (Shoot) Types
areole
bulb
caudex
caudiciform stem
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Stem (Shoot) Types
cladode
corm
culm
fascicle/ short shoot
rhizome
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Stem (Shoot) Types
tendril
tuber
scape
stolon/runner
thorn
tiller
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Stem (Shoot) Types
pachycaul
pseudobulb
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Stem Habit relative position of stem ( growth,
structure)
prostrate
acaulescent
caulescent
cespitose
repent
arborescent
suffrutescent
decumbent
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Stem Branching Pattern
sympodial
monopodial
dichotomous
sympodial
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Twig Structure
collateral
superposed
pseudoterminal
naked
infrapetiolar
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Leaf Structural Type
bractlets
scale
bract
phyllode
tendril (leaf)
unifacial leaf
spine
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Leaf Structural Type
Bract (flower)
Epicalyx
Bud Scale
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Leaf Structural Type
Phyllode - Acacia spp. (Fabaceae)
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Leaf Structural Type
Tendril - Lathyrus (Fabaceae)
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Leaf Structural Type
Stipular Spine - Euphorbia spp. (Euphorbiaceae)
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Leaf Structural Type
Petiolar Spine - Fouquieria splendens Ocotillo
(Fouquieriaceae)
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Leaf Structural Type
Leaf Spine (arising from areole) - Cactaceae
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Sharp things
thorn - sharp-pointed stem/shoot (fr. axillary
bud) spine - sharp-pointed leaf or leaf part
leaf spine (also leaflet spine) stipular
spine petiolar spine prickle - sharp pointed
epidermal appendage
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Leaf Structural Type
Pitcher Leaf - Nepenthes (Nepenthac.) Sarracenia
(Sarraceniac.)
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Leaf Structural Type
Tentacular Leaf - Drosera spp Sundew (Droseraceae)
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Leaf Structural Type
Trap Leaf - Dionaea muscipula Venus Fly Trap
(Droseraceae)
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Leaf Structural Type
Dionaea muscipula Venus Fly Trap (Droseraceae)
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Leaf Structural Type
Iris sp.
unifacial
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Seismonasty
Mimosa pudica Fabaceae
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Leaf Type / Parts
imparipinnate
bipinnately compound
simple
paripinnate
pinnately compound
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Leaf Type / Parts
palmate-ternate
pinnate-ternate
biternately compound
palmately compound
ternately compound trifoliolate
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Leaf Type / Parts
geminate
bigeminate
costa-palmate
unifoliolate
geminate-pinnate
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petiolate
sheathing
decurrent
amplexicaul
perfoliate
connate-perfoliate
sessile
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Leaf Venation
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Leaf Venation
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