Glaciers and Mass Wasting Final Exam Review

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Glaciers and Mass Wasting Final Exam Review

• Mrs. Hutson
• Spring 2007
• Day II

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Alpine vs. Continental

• AKA Valley
• Carve/Accentuate Landscape
• U-Shaped Valleys!
• Found in mountains

• AKA Ice Sheets
• Subdue/Smooth Landscape
• Icebergs!
• Found in Antarctica and Greenland

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Four Regimen States of Glaciers

• Advancing The ice is advancing both internally
  and externally.
• Retreating Melting occurs faster than
  nourishing. No external advancement.

• Equilibrium Balance of wastage and nourishment.
  Moraines are formed.
• Stagnation Little if any internal advance.
  Calving occurs.

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Esker,Drumlin, Kettle, Moraine, Outwash Plain (no
kame!)
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Alpine Glaciation (Wheres the fjord?)
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Isostatic Rebound
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Four Advances of the Ice Age

• Nebraskan
• Kansan
• Illinoisan
• Wisconsinan

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Driftless Area
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Illinoisan vs. Wisconsinan

• Covered 90 of state
• Swell and swale topography
• Slow, steady retreat
• Created flat till plains
• Mostly erased by WI episode
• Farthest south of all episodes

• Covered 50-60 of state
• Knob and basin topography
• Punctuated, pulsing retreats and readvances
  created moraines
• Last episode

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Indicator vs. Erratic

• Erratics are rocks that have been transported by
  a glacier
• Indicators are erratics for which the origin is
  known and can tell us the direction of ice lobe
  travel

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Till vs. Outwash

• You will have to identify glacial polish,
  striations, glacial deposits. Loess/Aeolian
  deposits! (4 ID questions)
• Remember,
• Till is dropped off haphazardly
• Outwash washes away from the glacier and is
  sorted by size so you get layering

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Till, Till Plain, Outwash, Outwash Plain,
Erratic, Indicator, Glacial Polish, Striations,
Loess

• Define

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Mass Wasting

• Main Types You must ID
• Creep
• Slump
• Slide
• Flow
• Fall
• Avalanche

• Facts
• Mostly due to excessive water buildup in slope
• Slow buildup with sudden release typical
• Forces gravity, ice wedging, H2O

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Reducing Mass Wasting

• Vegetation
• Reduce Slope
• Build a Support (wall)
• Drain Water from Slope
• The opposite of these will cause Mass Wasting to
  happen

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Creep

• Evidence tilted or curved poles and rock layers,
  cracks, hockey-stick trees, potholes

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Fall

• Most likely caused by ice wedging
• Be sure to look for the talus slope!

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Debris Flows

• Flows move very fast like water and end in wide
  lobes often caused by excessive precipitation in
  short amount of time in an arid location (name
  some)

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Translational vs. Rotational

• Translational travels downslope in one solid
  piece and ends up looking the same at the bottom
  of the hill
• Rotational curves as it travels downhill like a
  spoon (scarps)
• Both result from too steep of a slope with little
  vegetation
• Usually soil, not rock

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