PowerPoint Presentation CEDAR Frontiers: Ionospheric Feedback on the Magnetosphere Dirk Lummerzheim

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Some Thoughts on Ground-Based ObservationsEric
Donovan Beijing China July 22, 2006with J.
Kozyra, Ridley, M. Candidi, J. Foster, J. Sojka,
and others
ILWS Overarching Objective (in a nutshell)
Achieve System-Level understanding of GeoSpace.
ILWS should (does?) recognize that GB
observations must be an integral part of the ILWS
effort. GB is essential to THEMIS, RBSPs, ERG,
ORBITALS, KuaFu, MMS, SWARM (for GeoSpace), Cross
Scale, etc.
CAWSES/SCOSTEP, ICESTAR, IHY, IPY, CEDAR, GEM,
THEMIS-GBO, Cluster GBWG, eGY, etc. There is a
general theme of data exploitation (turning
information into knowledge). We want to add to,
but not duplicate, these efforts.
Key focus of this talk DASI Distributed Arrays
of Small Instrumentation.
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Ground-Based is Sexier than we Thought!
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From CEDAR Frontiers

• Networks and Chains
• of the 36 submissions to the recent CEDAR
  Frontiers session, at least 18 made mention of
  the need for global and regional scale networks
• issues that were highlighted were globalization,
  enhanced spatio-temporal resolution, observing
  across multiple scales, three dimensional
  measurements etc (for example the figure at right
  shows the stratospheric vortex inferred from
  meteorological reanalysis of radiosonde data - a
  future possible network of Lidars would provide a
  synoptic time evolving view and shed light on
  vortex dynamics and variability.)
• the way to achieve global synoptic measurements
  of the IT system, as well as arrays within arrays
  for multi-scale studies is DASI Distributed
  Arrays of Small Instrumentation. This is arguably
  the most important next step in GB space science
  observation and essential to system-level
  science. This must be international. Someone must
  take ownership of this why not ILWS?

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Look to Other Examples

• There must be many, but an obvious analogy is the
  ARGOS project
• thousands of autonomous buoys that drift around
  the ocean
• each is identical
• each undergoes cycles that probe
  salinity/temperature profiles
• the drifting of these buoys is interesting in and
  of itself
• the US funded the lions share of the buoys, but
  many other countries have contributed
• other nations have contributed to design, data
  management, etc

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For Example
THEMIS is an excellent example of integrated GB
and satellite borne observations with a clear
science objective
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For Example
THEMIS GBO Program as a DASI Microcosm
International (formally US, Canada) Multi-instrume
nt (white light ASI, mag) Multi-agency (NASA,
CSA) It will grow in nations involved (UK,
Norway, China, Finland, ) It will grow in
instruments (color imagers, riometers, SuperDARN,
AMISR, etc).
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For Example
CGSM as a DASI Microcosm
National (Canada) Multi-instrument (ASI, MSP,
riometer, fluxgate mag, induction coil mag, HF
radar, F10.7 solar monitor) One-agency (CSA) It
will grow in instruments (GPS, FPI, imaging
riometer, MF radar, etc) Key aspects could be
franchised
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For Example
Multi-Instrument Site Capability Could be
Franchised
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For Example
Multi-Instrument Site Capability Could be
Franchised
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For Example
And the franchise chain could grow
Instrument A
Instrument B
Instrument C
Instrument C
Instrument N
? ? ? ? ?
Housekeeping
LAN
firewall
The Internet
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For Example
And the franchise chain could grow
CGSM
MERIDIAN
MIRACLE
Site C6
Site F6
Site M6
Site C3
Site F3
Site M3
Site C5
Site F5
Site M5
Site C2
Site F2
Site M2
Site C4
Site F4
Site M4
Site C1
Site F1
Site M1
Site C0
Site M0
Site F0
The Internet
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What do we have to build on?

• There are facilities and programs all over the
  world
• Networks of small instruments CGSM, MIRACLE,
  UNIS, AGI, AUGO, MEASURE, MERIDIAN, THEMIS GBO,
  InterMagnet, SuperDARN, etc. etc.
• Large multi-instrument observatories at the
  location of large facilities Poker Flat,
  Resolute Bay, Sondrestrom, Tromso, Millstone,
  South Pole Station, SuperDARN sites, etc. etc.
• The growing network of virtual observatories
  VMO/G, VMO/U, VITMO, VSO, VSPO, SPIDR, GAIA,
  Gloria, etc. etc.

Each nation should sponsor an inventory of
capacity
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What do we have to build on?

• There are facilities and programs all over the
  world
• Networks of small instruments CGSM, MIRACLE,
  UNIS, AGI, AUGO, MEASURE, MERIDIAN, THEMIS GBO,
  InterMagnet, SuperDARN, etc. etc.
• Large multi-instrument observatories at the
  location of large facilities Poker Flat,
  Resolute Bay, Sondrestrom, Tromso, Millstone,
  South Pole Station, SuperDARN sites, etc. etc.
• The growing network of virtual observatories
  VMO/G, VMO/U, VITMO, VSO, VSPO, SPIDR, GAIA,
  Gloria, etc. etc.

• Each nation should sponsor an inventory of
  capacity
• What sites are out there?
• What instruments are out there?
• Where is data available?
• What is likely to come in the near future?

• Note that capacity surveys have been carried out
  in the past not to much avail why?
• The output of these surveys has not been in a
  uniform format and generally these have not been
  incorporated into relational databases
• The big carrot has not been there if a big
  player (ie., NSF or equivalent agency or
  agencies) gets going on DASI the rest of the
  world will follow they will have to!

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The Data Issue GB is Key
Take the ASIs as one example
One imager produces 5,000,000 images/year.
50 imagers produce 250,000,000 images/year.
In 5 years we may have 1 Billion images, with a
volume 100 TB. The imagers are not
inter-calibrated, do not operate in identical
modes, are not synchronized and on and on.
And the worst thing is all of this data is
needed and it must be accessible quickly!
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The Data Issue GB is Key
Make data products that facilitate rapid
extraction of knowledge from presently
unmanageable masses of information.
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The Data Issue GB is Key
Make data products that facilitate rapid
extraction of knowledge from presently
unmanageable masses of information.
SuperDARN is really the only group that has done
the well Map Potential is widely used and
synthesizes Gbytes of data into a global synoptic
data product that is at once easily interpreted
visually and readily assimilated into models. The
GPS community is not far off with global TEC
maps. We should work towards similar products for
magnetic field, neutral winds, precipitation,
etc. It is worth noting that the most successful
example (SuperDARN) came from the observational
community.
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Best Case Scenario
GeoSpace Data Environment
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Best Case Scenario
GeoSpace Data Environment
Numerous virtual observatories with well thought
out complementary mandates, each carrying out a
well-defined task well, all interacting
automatically with each other and the world.
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Worst Case Scenario
GeoSpace Data Environment
VITMO
GAIA
VSO
CDAWEB
MADRIGAL
VMO/U
VSPO
VGO
SSDP
ASTROGRID
VMO/G
SPIDR
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Worst Case Scenario
GeoSpace Data Environment
VITMO
GAIA
VSO
CDAWEB
MADRIGAL
Numerous virtual observatories with massively
overlapping mandates, all doing more or less the
same thing, all independent of one another, and
none doing it well!
VMO/U
VSPO
VGO
SSDP
ASTROGRID
VMO/G
SPIDR
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Data Ethos Declaration of the eGY
Article 1 Data access Earth system data and
information should be made available
electronically with interoperable approaches
that facilitate open access. Article 2 Data
release Owners, custodians and creators of Earth
system data should work together to share
their digital information with the world
community, though in a manner that respects
propriety requirements and security
constraints. Article 3 Data discovery Providers
and users of Earth system data and information
should share descriptions of structure, content,
and contexts to facilitate the discovery of
relationships within and between information
resources. Article 4 Data persistence Past and
present data and information about the Earth
system should be preserved and sustained in
accessible formats that are both software and
hardware independent for use today and in the
future. Article 5 Data rescue Effort should be
made to identify and rescue critical Earth system
data and ensure persistent access to
them. Article 6 Common standards and
cooperation Standards for interoperability
should be identified, created and implemented
through international collaboration. Article 7
Capability building Communities with advanced
information technology and communications
capabilities should contribute to developing
such capabilities in other communities to reduce
the digital divide. Article 8 Education and
public outreach Students, scientists,
decision-makers, and the public should be
informed about and be enabled to contribute to
the discovery of Earth system phenomena that
impact human survival.
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DASI

• It is inevitable that
• there will be a proliferation of ground-based
  geospace instrumentation
• It should become easier to retrieve the data from
  these in real time
• it should become easier to have higher resolution
  data than the real time operation affords
• it should become easier to integrate data from
  disparate sources, programs, instruments, etc.
• all of this will become increasingly
  international
• in developing a global initiative called DASI
  there will be a lot we can draw on

• ILWS should sponsor activities that
• clarify the science objectives for DASI - what
  questions are we trying to address?
• from 1 establish DASI instrument complement (MF
  radars, FPIs, ASIs, mags, etc??)
• from 1 2 establish necessary density of
  different instrument types
• from 1, 2 3 establish classes of DASI
  observatories (superstations down to GPS units)
• establish what is already out there (capacity
  surveys)
• develop protocols for managing DASI station
  network (site management, telemetry, standards,
  etc)
• develop protocols for managing the DASI data
  (virtual observatories, data environment, etc)
• implement DASI Phase I (call it Proto-DASI)

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DASI

• Towards some recommendations
• is not yet a program.
• is more about protocols than hardware an
  effective DASI ethos will maximize the impact
  of the now disparate global ground-based efforts
  spend extra money to make sites more naturally
  multi-instrument, provide extra funds to host
  extra instruments, develop packages of
  plug-and-play software and hardware for site
  management, and on and on
• must be international or it will not work the
  global community must be engaged
• support new and especially small (developing)
  players if you are setting up 50 sites with 50
  GPS units, etc, well. by 60 and give 10 so a
  professor in some developing country this
  increases coverage, brings in a new player, and
  makes the world a better place!
• needs to be made into a program with some funding
  to create new resources that reinforce the DASI
  ethos (ie., VxOs, infrastructure for
  multi-instrument sites, software to support
  satellite and land-line internet telemetry, new
  instruments NOT on top of existing instruments,
  etc.). Establish a steering committee, hold the
  international workshops, engage partners, carry
  out North American DASI Phase I, etc.
• is not everything observational campaigns,
  dense networks of multi-instrument stations,
  Class I facilities, etc are and will remain
  essential done right DASI would be like GOES,
  DMSP, or LANL larger in impact than one
  satellite but nevertheless part of a larger whole
• Must be adopted by a formal organization
  someone must to take ownership of DASI now

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Concrete Steps

• So what should we do DASI Phase I Towards the
  next Solar Maximum
• brainstorm on what expertise and knowledge is
  needed to make DASI happen with this in mind
  establish a DASI steering committee (look to
  CAWSES, ICESTAR, GEM, CEDAR, etc).
• host several DASI science workshops choose five
  grand challenge themes.
• use the outcome of (2) to establish observational
  requirements for DASI sites.
• devote resources to developing a web accessible
  data base for capacity surveys.
• carry out the capacity surveys make them
  complete, searchable, useable, and updatable.
• devote resources to the evolving (international)
  geospace data environment - ensure that data from
  DASI instruments are readily available via the
  growing network of VxOs and make sure that VxOs
  complement rather than duplicate each other.
• devote resources to bringing together those
  responsible for the operations of
  multi-instrument sites (MERIDIAN, MIRACLE, SRI,
  THEMIS-GBO, CGSM, AGO, AUGO, UAGI, PENGUIn,
  CANMOS, SuperDARN, EISCAT, etc etc). Address
  site management, data transport, standards, etc.
  This forms the spacecraft bus for DASI.
• There is interest in a DASI Phase I that would
  have all the elements of DASI science driven,
  multi-national, multi-agency, multi-instrument
  program. Make it real, perhaps starting with the
  Canada (CSA), USA (NSF), Denmark and Mexico.
• use outputs of (3) (5) to determine what we can
  add to what we have by 2010 (examples may be
  StormDARN, CHAIN, MF radars, FPIs, GPS mag
  array enhancements, etc.)
• engage instrument teams, modellers, data
  assimilation experts, and of course funding
  agencies and implement enhancements established
  in (8)

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Thank You