Cranial Nerves

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Cranial Nerves
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Olfactory Nerve (C.N. I)

• Function
• Specialized Afferent
• Sense of smell
• Only sense that is directly hardwired into the
  brain.
• Gathering of afferent occurs inside of the CNS
• ???Smell most important sense???

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Optic Nerve (C.N. II)

• Function
• Specialized Afferent
• Sense of sight
• Locations to remember
• Optic Nerve
• Optic Chiasm
• Decussation of nasal retinal fields
• Optic Tracts
• Specialized cells
• Rods
• Gather light intensity only
• Cones
• Gather color information

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Oculomotor Nerve (C.N. III)

• Function
• Efferent
• 4/6 of Extrinsic Eye Muscles
• Autonomic
• Controls intrinsic eye muscles
• Pupillary Light Reflex
• Tension placed on lens
• Changes the concave/convex nature of the lens

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Trochlear Nerve (C.N. IV)

• Function
• Efferent
• 1/6 of extrinsic eye muscles

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Trigeminal Nerve (C.N. V)

• 3 major divisions of C.N. V
• Ophthalmic Branch
• Maxillary Branch
• Mandibular Branch

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Trigeminal Nerve (C.N. V)Ophthalmic Division (V1)

• Function of V1
• Afferent
• Cornea
• Skin mostly above eye and about nose

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Trigeminal Nerve (C.N. V)Maxillary Division (V2)

• Function of V2
• Afferent
• Upper teeth and gums
• Skin below eye to upper lip

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Trigeminal Nerve (C.N. V)Mandibular Division (V3)

• Function of V3
• Efferent
• Muscles of Mastication
• Afferent
• Lower teeth and gums
• Skin below lips
• Anterior 2/3 of tongue

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Abducens Nerve (C.N. VI)

• Function
• Efferent wiring to 1/6 of extrinsic eye muscles

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Facial Nerve (C.N. VII)

• Function
• Efferent muscles of facial expression
• Afferent External Auditory Meatus
• Specialized Afferent Sense of Taste
• Anterior 2/3 of tongue

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Facial Nerve Palsy
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Vestibulo-cochlear Nerve (C.N. VIII)

• Specialized Afferent
• Sense of balance
• Sense of audition

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Glossopharyngeal Nerve (C.N. IX)

• Function
• Efferent
• Muscles of Pharynx
• Afferent
• Wall of pharnyx
• Posterior 1/3 of tongue
• Specialized Afferent
• Sense of Taste
• Posterior 1/3 of tongue
• Autonomic
• Salivary Glands
• Carotid arteries

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Vagus Nerve (C.N. X)

• Function
• Efferent
• Muscles of pharynx and larynx
• Afferent
• Larynx
• Specialized Afferent
• Taste on the base of the tongue
• Autonomic
• Parasympathetic control of viscera
• Thoracic viscera
• Abdominal viscera

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Spinal Accessory Nerve (C.N. XI)

• Function
• Efferent
• Trapezius Muscle
• Sternocleido-mastoid Muscle
• ???WHY???

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Hypoglossal Nerve (C.N. XII)

• Function
• Efferent
• Movement of tongue

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