Some vocabulary from the previous topics:

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Some vocabulary from the previous topics In
eukaryotes, primary transcripts (before splicing,
editing, etc.) vary a lot in size but are
generally large. Even though they are often
short-lived, primary transcripts can be detected
by pulse-labeling expts in transcriptionally
active cells or tissues. These RNAs were
discovered by molecular biologists well before
the mechanisms of transcript processing were
known, and, initially, no one suspected that any
transcript was processed. They were named as a
separate class of RNA, hnRNA for hetergenous
nuclear RNA. Use of this term is fading, but
it is still sometimes useful. As a class, hnRNA
is the largest type of RNA found in
eukaryotic cells.
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Beadle Tatum one gene-one enzyme
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Hemoglobin is composed of 2 ? and 2 ? chains.
The Sickle Cell phenotype stems from a mutation
in the ? chain, the ? chain is not affected.
Thus, the hemoglobin molecule is encoded by two
genes even though it is, functionally, a single
protein.
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Mutations as inborn errors of metabolism
Archibald Garrod,
1908 (see text p 9) One gene - one enzyme
G.W. Beadle E.L.
Tatum, 1940s One gene - one polypeptide
(current
understanding)
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF R GROUPS 1. Aliphatic
(e.g. valine) 2. Aromatic (e.g. proline) -
hydrophobic 3. Acidic (e.g. glutamic acid) -
negative charge, hydrophilic 4. Basic (e.g.
arginine) - positive charge, hydrophilic 5.
Sulfhydryl group (e.g. cysteine) - disulphide
bonds
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BREAK TIME
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DNA Replication errors
insults Mispairing
Damage
Repair Systems MUTATIONS

Repaired DNA
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Other Ways of Classifying or Thinking About
Mutations germline vs somatic
spontaneous vs induced conditional
(permissive vs nonpermissive conditions) point
mutations vs deletions, insertions, inversions,
etc. forward vs back mutations (back
mutations include reversions and true reverse
mutations)