DNA Electrophoresis

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DNA Electrophoresis

• Explorer Life Science

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The Atom

• The Atom is made of
• 1) Electron negatively charged particle
  orbiting the nucleus
• 2) Proton positively charged particle in the
  nucleus
• 3) Neutron neutral particle in the nucleus

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Ions

• Ion charged element or molecule.
• Cation positive ion
• Anion negative ion

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Rules of Electrophoresis

• 1) Like charges repel
• 2) Opposites attract

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Vocabulary

• Micropipet instrument used to measure
  millionths of liters.
• Micro 1/1,000,000
• Pipet instrument used to measure volume
• Electrophoresis the use of electricity to pull
  apart molecules.
• Electro electricity
• Phoresis pull apart
• Agarose a sugar used to make lab gel.
• Buffer solution of water and ions which help to
  conduct electricity.

• Anode positively-charged node.
• Cathode negatively-charged node.
• DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
• The blueprint of life.
• Electron negatively charged particle
  orbiting the nucleus
• Proton positively charged particle in the
  nucleus
• Neutron neutral particle in the nucleus

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Equipment

• Electrodes sites of electrical activity
• Gel box box designed to conduct electricity
  across/through a gel.
• Gel lab jello made from agar and buffer
  solutions
• Power Supply source of the flow of electricity.

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Metric Stairs

• Kilo 1000
• Hecto 100
• Deka 10
• MGL 1
• Deci 1/10
• Centi 1/100
• Milli 1/1,000
• Micro 1/1,000,000
• Nano 1/1,000,000,000

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Electrophoresis ExplorationChemical Reactions

• At the Cathode
• Electrons H2O ?
• (electricity water)
• H2 (gas) OH-
• (hydrogen hydroxide)
• Results
• 1) hydrogen gas bubbles
• 2) many hydrogen ions

H
OH
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Electrophoresis ExplorationChemical Reactions

• At the Anode
• H2O?O2 (gas) H H2O electrons
• (water) (oxygen, hydrogen, water,
• and electricity)
• Results
• Oxygen gas bubbles
• few hydrogen ions

H
OH
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pH potential of hydrogen (ions)
OH-

• pH scale goes from 0 14
• Acids less than 7
• Few cations / Many anions
• Bases - more than 7
• Many cations / Few anions

OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
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Gels Purpose

• Purpose
• 1) To hold the samples
• 2) To help separate the samples based on charge
  and size.

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Gels Process

• 1) Pour gel
• 2) Load the samples
• 3) Cover the gel with buffer (The buffer helps to
  conduct electricity)
• 4) Connect power cords
• 5) Turn on the power source and set to 100 volts
  for 15 minutes.

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DNA Introduction

• Structure PSNNSP
• Phosphate
• Sugar
• Nucleic Acid
• Nucleic Acids
• Adenine
• Thymine
• Cytosine
• Guanine
• Base Pairs
• Adenine Thymine
• Cytosine Guanine

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DNA Introduction

• Enzymes molecules which cut DNA.
• Electrophoresis of DNA
• Cut DNA with enzymes
• Run the DNA
• Identify the bands
• Practical Applications
• Crime Scene, Forensic Science, Genetic Research