Chemistry

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Chemistry
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How did Chemistry Become a Science?
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chemistry
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Alchemy vs. Chemistry

• The Alchemist
• The Alchemists Dream
• Zinc Pennies
• Alchemy vs. Chemistry
• Pure Science
• Applied Science
• Aluminum Mining
• Corning Glass

Fertilizers (5-15-10) Areas of Chemistry Stereotyp
es of Chemists A Career in Chemistry Forensic
Scientist The Scope of Chemistry Starting Salaries
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The Alchemist
Frankly, Id be satisfied if I could turn
gold into lead!
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The Alchemists Dream
COPPER SILVER GOLD
Zinc coated Brass Copper Zinc
Penny into Gold - Alchemist Dream
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Zinc Pennies
Before 1982, all pennies were solid copper
(except 1943).
Copper was used to make bullet shells in WW
II. By 1943, the supply of copper metal was in
short supply. The US government did not want
to waste copper on making pennies.
Pennies were made with steel metal.
They looked silver.
A shortage of copper drove the price of copper
up in the early 1980s. If melted down, the
copper could be sold for more than one cent.
After 1982, pennies were made from zinc. A
thin coating of copper was pressed on the zinc.
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Democrat vs. Republican
Alike
Different
Different
politicians
right
left
Topic
Topic

Democrat
Republican
liberal
conservative
un
ethical
support big business
support 'little man'
?
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Alchemy vs. Chemistry
Alike
Different
Different
Topic
Topic

Chemistry
Alchemy
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I think youve crossed that thin line between
transmuting and cooking.
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Paracelsus
Man consisted of three elements SALT represented
the body SULFUR the soul MERCURY the spirit
He thought he could rearrange the amounts of the
elements to change man.
He desired immortality and searched for a
mystical elixir of life.
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The Beginnings
early practical chemistry household goods,
weapons, soap, wine, basic medicine

• The Greeks believed there
• were four elements.

D
earth air fire water
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Timeline
Greeks (Democratus 450 BC) Discontinuous
theory of matter
Issac Newton (1642 - 1727)
2000
1000
300 AD
400 BC
Greeks (Aristotle 350 BC)) Continuous theory
of matter
American Independence (1776)
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Alchemy
In Europe, alchemy was
the quest for the Philosophers Stone (the
elixir, the Sorcerers Stone).

• Allegedly, this substance would turn
• cheap metals into gold.

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• transmutation

changing one substance into another
In ordinary chemical reactions, we
cannot transmute elements into different elements.
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Early Ideas on Elements

• Robert Boyle stated...
• A substance was an element unless it could be
  broken down to two or more simpler substances.
• Air therefore could not be an element because it
  could be broken down in to many pure substances.

Robert Boyle
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Alchemy

• After that 'chemistry' was ruled by alchemy.
• They believed that that could take any cheap
  metals and turn them into gold.
• Alchemists were almost like magicians.
• elixirs, physical immortality

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Alchemy Symbols
Alchemy Symbols
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Alchemy
Alchemical symbols for substances
transmutation changing one substance into
another
D
In ordinary chemistry, we cannot transmute
elements.
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Alchemy (500 1300 A.D.)
the quest for the Philosophers Stone
It was supposed to change cheap metals into gold.
The Alchemist, by David Teniers
Alchemical symbols for substances
transmutation changing one substance into another
In ordinary chemistry, we cannot transmute
elements.
Contributions of alchemists lab apparatus /
procedures how to make some alloys
properties of some elements
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• Alchemy was practiced in many regions of the
• world, including China and the Middle East.

Alchemy arrived in western Europe around the
year 500 C.E.
Modern chemistry evolved from alchemy.
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Contributions of alchemists
Information about elements - the elements
mercury, sulfur, and antimony were discovered -
properties of some elements
Develop lab apparatus / procedures / experimental
techniques - alchemists learned how to
prepare acids. - developed several alloys
- new glassware