Water and Aquatic Systems

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Water and Aquatic Systems

• Chapters
• 11 and 7

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The Water Cycle
Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation
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Renewable Resource

• Water is a renewable resource because it is
  cycled between the Earths surface and the
  atmosphere.

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The Oceans

• Important because almost all Earths water is in
  the oceans.
• Global water
• distribution.

Salt water 97

• Fresh water 3
• Ice caps and glaciers 77
• Ground 22
• Other fresh 1

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Surface Water

• Fresh water on Earths surface.
• Lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands.
• Streams form rivers, rivers form river systems.

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Watersheds

• Area of land drained by a river.

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Ground Water

• Fresh water available for human consumption.
• Water stored beneath the Earths surface in
  sediment and rock formations.

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Aquifers

• Underground formation containing ground water.
• Ogallala10-40 more water out than can be
  replaced.

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Recharge Zone

• The area of the Earth where water percolates down
  to refill an aquifer.

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11.2- Water UseandManagement
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Water Shortages

• Shortage of clean, fresh water is one of the
  worlds most pressing environmental problems.
• More than 1 billion people lack access to a
  clean, reliable source.

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Major Uses of Water

• Residential
• 10 in North America.
• Agricultural
• 48
• Industrial39

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Water Treatment

• Potable (safe to drink)- water treatment removes
  mercury, arsenic, and lead as well as pathogens
  such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and
  parasitic worms.

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Industrial Use

• Highest of industrial water usage occurs in N.
  America and Europe.
• 19 world wide

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AG Water Use

• 67 of world water use
• Plants need a lot of water
• Large percent of water is evaporated before gets
  to roots

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Water Management

• Projects can have various goals.
• Make dry area habitable.
• Creating a reservoir for recreation or drinking.
• Generating electric power.

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Conservation

• Conservation will ensure that there is enough
  water for all!
• AG- drip irrigation
• Indust. reuse cooling waste water
• Home- short showers, dont run water, water lawn
  sparingly, only full loads of clothes dishes

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11.3- Water Pollution
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Water Pollution

• The introduction chemical, physical, or
  biological agents into water that degrade water
  quality and adversely affect the organisms that
  depend on it.

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Point-Source Pollution

• Pollution discharged from a single source.
• ie Factory, Leaking oil tanker, or unlined
  landfills

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Non-point Source

• Comes from many different sources which are often
  difficult to identify.
• A river polluted from many land runoffs.

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Principle Water Pollutants

• Pathogens
• Organic matter
• Organic chemicals

• Inorganic chemicals
• Heavy metals
• Physical agents

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Waste Water

• Water that contains waste from home or industry.
• Water that goes down your drain.

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Sewage Sludge

• The solid waste left after water has been
  treated.
• Expensive to dispose of.
• Must be disposed of properly.

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Eutrophication

• Natural or artificial- excess nutrients in a body
  of water.
• Causes excess plants, depletion of O2, algal
  blooms, etc.

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Eutrophication
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Thermal Pollution

• Temperature of a body of water increases.
• When power plants use water in their cooling
  system and then discharge it in to lakes and
  rivers.

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Ground and Ocean

• Ground- pollutants percolate down
• Long recharge time
• Ocean- Most pollutants from land
• oil from city runoffs

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Biomagnification

• The amount of pollution stored at each level in a
  food chain increases at each successive level.

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Aquatic Ecosystems

• Lesson 7.1

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Fresh Water

• Lakes
• Rivers
• Ponds
• Streams
• Wetland- land that is periodically under water.

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Marine Ecosystems

• Marshes (fresh or salt)
• Swamps (fresh or salt)
• Coral reefs (salt)
• Oceans (salt)

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Water Organisms

• Factors that determine which organisms live in
  which areas of the water
• Temperature, sunlight, oxygen, and nutrients.

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Aquatic Ecosystems

• Three groups of organisms depending on their
  location and adaptations.
• Plankton, nekton, and benthos.

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Plankton

• Organisms that float near the surface of the
  water.
• Phytoplankton- microscopic plantprovide most of
  the food for an aquatic system.
• Zooplankton- microscopic animals

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Nekton

• Free swimming organisms.
• Fish, turtles, and whales

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Benthos

• Bottom dwelling organisms.
• Mussels, worms, barnacles.

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Lake Zones

• Littoral zone- upper part of lake where
  photosynthesis can occur.Aquatic life is diverse
  and abundant.
• Benthic Zone- lower part. Inhabited by
  decomposers, insect larvae, and clams.

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Freshwater Wetlands

• Marsh-contain non woody plants such a cattails.
• Swamps- dominated by woody plants such as trees
  and shrubs.

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Human Impact

• Humans once thought of wetlands as wastelands.
• Filled in, drained, and cleared for farms or
  residential/commercial use.

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7.2-

• Marine Ecosystems

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