Charles House

1
7th Annual International Symposium
Agenda Bringing Web 2.0 Innovation to Our
Schools Leadership and Policy Challenges Sponsore
d by Adobe Systems, Inc., Pearson Foundation and
Goethe- Institut/German Cultural Center Web 2.0
in K-12 Buzzword or Transformation?
prescriptions for policy and leadership
initiatives?
Charles House Stanford University March 9, 2008
2
Web 2.0 in K-12 Buzzword or Transformation?

• Does Web 2.0 offer the prospect of transforming
  our schools or is Web 2.0 just the buzzword du
  jour?
• What difference has the information age already
  made for schools, teachers, and students?
• How much more will the interactive Web change it?
  
• The hopes and the implications for participative,
  engaged learners are exciting for many educators.
  
• The hopes and the implications for participative,
  engaged learners are daunting for many educators.
  

3
What difference has the information age already
made for schools, teachers, and students?

• A lot in terms of
• WHERE/WHEN/HOW to get INFORMATION
• Reduced respect for AUTHORITY

• How much more will the interactive Web change it?
  
• PROFOUND CHANGE in PARTICIPATION desire, ability,
  and access
• PROFOUND CHANGE in PARTICIPANTS

4
One year, a very long time ago

• I missed 80 days of school
• The girl across the street got Britannicas
• My 5th grade teacher gave me a slide-rule

I got a bicycle I saw my first jet airplane
(F-86s, LAX) We got a TV
My world was never the same again
5
It is hard to know what to do next because the
future aint like the past
82 Best product of the year
July 20, 1969 Tranquility Base
TCP/IP (Kahn, Cerf in 61) In 1982 . . . BPY
briefly at ACM 97
600 Million TV viewers new record at that time
Until 4 months before, the thinking was that a
RADIO broadcast would be good enough
6
ACM 97 The Next 50 Years

• January 1997, San Jose, CA
• 2100 attendees in Silicon Valley
• 65 of the leading Computer Scientists in print
• 17 of the leading Computer Futurists on stage
• The FIRST FIVE James Burke, Gordon Bell, Joel
  Birnbaum, Carver Mead, and Vint Cerf

Cerf predicted that within 25 years, the three
networks voice, video, and data would merge.
No one else was as bold
7
Flash News Story

• Finland leads the world in internet users per
  capita
• Finland has more Internet users per capita than
  any other country, and the Nordic countries
  together form, by far, the most networked region
  in the world. A recent study published in the
  Internet Industry Almanac revealed that Finland
  has 244.5 Internet users per 1,000 people,
  equivalent to nearly 25 per cent of the
  population. Norway, in second place, has 231.1,
  third-placed Iceland 227.3, Sweden (eighth) 147.3
  and Denmark is at number ten with 125.6 per 1,000
  people. The United States is way ahead in
  absolute terms, with more than 54 per cent of the
  worlds total of some 100 million Internet users,
  but is placed only fourth in users per head of
  population (203.41,000). There are at present 11
  countries with more than 100 Internet users per
  1,000 people. Computer industry observers
  forecast that by the year 2000 there will be
  another 14 countries where more than 10 per cent
  of the population will be Internet users.
• Written by Joseph Brady, Virtual Finland,
  Published March 31, 1998 

8
It is hard to know what to do next ? INTERNET2
SOCIOTECHNICAL SUMMIT 13-15 SEPTEMBER, 1999
THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDIA UNION
Human and organizational dimensions of advanced
networking communications.
This I2 ST Summit is an especially appropriate
venue for applications that demonstrate the
understanding of

• audiences and users
• addressing human bandwidth limitations
• enabling collaboration
• understanding the dynamics of knowledge
  diffusion and its implications for organizations
  
• and addressing the social context in which an
  advanced Internet will be used.

9
With the Internet Our world will never be the
same again

• Teachers are second-guessed in class by Googlers
  and IM authority is at risk
• The big jobs not just IT menial tasks are
  being done in India/China/East Europe
• Intellectual Property is a doomed concept
• Participation is now taken for granted for
  movies, for games, for revolution
• Society is struggling for effective leadership
• What IS the 21st Century EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGE?

10
Civilizations Time Line
100K 30K 10K 1K 1K
1700 1900 1970 2000
Toeflers Three Waves
Agrarian
Industrial
Information
11
16th Century
12
17th Century
13
18th Century
14
19th Century
15
20th Century
16
21st Century
Knowledge Revolution
17
The Transportation Revolution
10000 1000 100 10 1
Km/h
Walk
1750 1800 1850
1900 1950 2000
18
Zach Taylors Dilemma

• Wins the war with Mexico, 1847
• Never voted in his life
• from Louisiana
• Now President of the USA, 1849

CALIFORNIA wants to join the Union
19
Issues

• Gold Rush and 49ers
• Slavery vs. Free
• Actually Zackary wasnt too worried here
• 9 months to get a proclamation sent and a
  response back

CALLS his Cabinet and says
This is unacceptable DO SOMETHING
20
Travel Time
From the White House to

• Congress
• New York City
• New Orleans

1 hour 1 day 3 days
Clipper Ships 87 days 21 days 58 days
San Francisco London Shanghai
140 days 35 days 90 days
21
Travel Time
From the White House to

• Congress
• New York City
• New Orleans

1 hour 1 day 3 days
Clipper Ships 87 days 21 days 58 days
San Francisco London Shanghai
140 days 35 days 90 days
22
Notions

• Build an Iron Boat, put a BIG Boiler on It
• sure, Iron Boats are unproven
• sure, Iron Boats are expensive
• sure, theyd sink faster than wooden boats

Secy of Commerce
Secy of State
Dig a Ditch across the Isthmus (of Central
America . . . Heres the map . . . )
Vanderbilt Road

• Across Nicaragua here, with Gen. De Lessops

• Build a Transcontinental Railroad track
• Yeah, sure, the Rockies are snowy in winter
• Yeah, so is the Sierra
• No sir, the Donner Party . . . ,
  . they
  were somewhere else

Secy of Interior
23
Time and Distance to Various Places
150 days 125 days 100 days 75 days 50
days 25 days
From DC NYC New London
Shanghai San
Orleans
Francisco
24
Costs of the various Notions

• Build an Iron Boat, put a BIG Boiler on It
• 400K per boat, 8K per one-way trip, 4 years
• Dig a Ditch across the Isthmus (saves 8K naut
  mi)
• 20M to dig, 1K per boat to pass, 64 years (10)
• Boat owner saves 4.8K in costs for 1K fee
• Build a Transcontinental Railroad track
• 70M to dig and install, 15 years
• 1.2K per one-way trip
• How about Using the new Stamps and . . .
• Get BIG HORSES, SMALL RIDERS
• 20K to start the company, 400 per trip, 2 months

Postmaster General
Meet Samuel P. Morse
25
Paradigm Shift vs. Structural Change
Define Terms

• Paradigm -- a Point of View, a Way of Life
• a filtered Lens for viewing reality
• Paradigm Shift -- a CHANGE of OUTLOOK
• a new set of opportunities, a new view of data
  and reality, due to a new interpretation of
  facts
• Structural Change -- a CHANGE of FACTS
• a new set of opportunities due to an
  underlying change in capability

26
Example of Paradigm Shift w.o. Structural Change

• Cars for the masses
• Germany invented the car -- 1883
• based Sales upon of chauffeurs
• England licensed the car -- 1893
• based Sales upon of sporting enthusiasts
• Henry Ford re-defined the CAR PARADIGM
• in 1909, in his 9th redesign at his 3rd company,
• Cheap Transportation to replace the Horse

27
Paradigm Shifts compared to Structural Changes

• Paradigm Shifts are . . .
• Market-driven and Cultural
• Structural Changes are . . .
• Engineering-driven and Technical

28
Where is the Revolution?The Eye of the Beholder

• Model T --gt Model A --gt T-Bird
• Paved Roads Cheap Gas
• Overthrow of Victorian sexual mores
• Suburbs Nuclear families
• Global warming

• The Structural Change AFTER the Paradigm Shift
• 104 improvement in the Figure of Merit of
• Price of steel per lb.
• Strength of steel per lb.
• Price of gas per gallon

29
Anticipating Structural Change -- The Adoption
Cycle

• Any technology that becomes Pervasive has moved
  through three distinct prior developmental phases
  . . .
• Rarity Exotic Priesthood
• Rarity one in a million 1 item per
  1,000,000 people
• Exotic one hundred times more prevalent than
  Rarity (1 item per 10,000 people)
• Priesthood a hundred times more available than
  Exotic (1 item per 100 people)
• Pervasive available to virtually every person
  Pervasive technologies are more noticeable for
  their absence than their presence (e.g. no
  phones, no TV)

30
Automobiles per 1000 inhabitants
1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
1910 20 30 40 50 60
70 80 90
Year
31
Paradigms determine the upper limit
100M 10M 1M 100K 10K 1K
100
of Cars Sold per yr
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
1890 1900 1910
1920 1930
Year
32
World Electronics Evolution
1900 1925 1950 1960 1970
1980 1990 2000 2010
Components
TELEVISION
RADIO
Communications
Control Systems
Computing Systems
Computications
Smart Sys
33
Television Sets per 1000 inhabitants
1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
1960 1970 1980 1990
2000
Year
34
Various elements of Computing are at different
stages of Evolution, Investment and Pervasiveness
Rarity Exotic Priesthood
Pervasive
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2
10-1 100
Product Hardware System Hardware System
Software Application Software WANs WADBs Majo
r Social Change
Low Med High Stds Differ StdCom
Lo-cost Com
Low Med High Stds Differ
StdComodity
Low Med High
Low Med
35
Installed Equipment in America
1B 100M 10M 1M 100K 10K 1K
of Units
1960 1970 1980 1990
2000
Year
36
The Technology Revolution
Own a Car
100 30 10 3
1
USA
Phone
Flown on a Jet
of people
1970 1980 1990
2000 2010 2020
37
The InterNet Revolution?Estimates made by CHH
June 2000 at UCSB commencement
100 30 10 3
1
of people
1970 1980 1990
2000 2010 2020
1000M
2000M
450M
38
The InterNet Revolution?
100 30 10 3
1
USA
of people
Western Europe
Japan
China
1990 1995 2000 2005
2010 2015
1000M
2000M
450M
39
Looking ahead . . .

• Powerful cheap hardware technology
• Nearly infinite Bandwidth
• Heavy Graphical Interactivity

• Also means that INFORMATION will be
• Unable to be protected
• Widely available

• Also means that CONTROL will shrink when
• Based on KNOWLEDGE SCARCITY
• Multiple EXPERTS cause CONFUSION

40
What is the Message of this Speech?

• Improvements in a few Technologies have made a
  huge difference for the world

41
and thank goodness for brain plasticity
Learning goes on all the time
42
What are the BIG QUESTIONS

• What does it mean, THE WORLD IS FLAT?

Centralized vs Distributed (Off-shored) In-hou
se vs. Co-ordinated (Out-sourced) Face-to-face
vs. Virtual (PRESENCE) Teams vs.
Individual Contribution Constructing Teams
(Social Netwkg)
What does it mean, this YOU TUBE thing?
Reader / searcher vs. contributor (WEB
2.0) Original contributor vs. RIP UP / MASH
UP Legal IP constraints vs. NEW MODES

What does it mean, GLOBAL WARMING? or Terrorism,
or . . .
43
So, some questions

• What should we teach students so that they can
  become successful in an Internet 3.0 Age?
• Fast-paced, time-urgent, decision makers
• Collaborative, internationally aware
• Innovative, risk-taking, out-of-the-box
• Entrepreneurial
• What products/processes/policies will make a
  difference?
• How do we get teachers to adopt the products
• How do we get the policies and processes aligned

44
And, some other questions

• Do Virtual Worlds help create
• Fast-paced, time-urgent, decision makers
• Collaborative, internationally aware
• Innovative, risk-taking, out-of-the-box
• Entrepreneurial skills

Or do they create more ADD, less grounding? And
do they open us more to manipulation? How do we
find out, in time, if this is akin to
Thalidomide for the young brain?
45
N for Needs Improvement
A BUDDING ENTREPRENEUR?
In Listening Skills
Mom Do you listen? Shannon Yes Mom Do you
hear? Shannon Yes Mom Why does your teacher
think you dont listen? Shannon I dont know
Shannon, age 7
Mom Lets think of 3 things we might do
Shannon Quit rolling my eyes and looking at the
ceiling when she talks to me?
Mom (VP of HR at Sams Club) Quit doing IM and
eMail in Staff Meetings?
46
My Beliefs

• The Big Questions are increasingly
  interdisciplinary
• Most Universities are terrible re
  interdisciplinary work
• Most faculty are poor at collaboration
• Most Universities are antagonistic toward
  real-life
• Most Organizations want low-hanging fruit
  research

But If you can find a university that believes
in interdisciplinary research, and organizations
who can stimulate it (pay for it) and put an
interesting question forward collaboration that
spans both the institutions and the university,
and the several departments of the university,
can be achieved
47
This past year, for me, has been as Life-Changing
as that year so long ago when I met
Britannicas, a bicycle, jet planes, and television
48
Stanford Facts
H-STARHUMAN SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
ADVANCED RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Byron Reeves
Roy Pea

• Seven schools Earth Sciences, Education,
  Engineering, Graduate School of Business,
  Humanities and Sciences, Law, Medicine
• 1,771 regular academic faculty
• 6,705 undergraduate students from 68 countries
• 8,176 graduate students from 95 countries
• 9 independent laboratories/centers
• National research centers (CASBS, NBER, SLAC)
• 4,500 externally sponsored research projects
• Sponsored research 975 million
• 87 from government sources
• 122 million from corporations, foundations,
  individuals

49
Student Enrollment Stanford and State
Universities
Washington
Berkeley
Undergraduate
50
Student Enrollment Stanford and Ivy League
Harvard
Yale
Undergraduate
51
Student Enrollment Five U.S. Research
Universities
Caltech
Harvard
Undergraduate
52
Student / Faculty ratioFive major U.S.
Universities
Caltech
Harvard
3.8 2.9 6.5
4.2 12.2
53
International Student Enrollment Five major U.S.
Universities
Caltech
Harvard
Undergraduate
54
Graduate Program Quality 1Five major U.S.
Universities
BIZ ENGG EDUC
EARTH SCI
LAW MED SCI
HUMANYs
Stanford Caltech MIT Harvard Berkeley
1 U.S.News Report, 2008 Rankings, ties are
shown with same number
55
The Stanford experience

• Bent of the school is entrepreneurial
• 2,454 companies have spawned from the campus
• 57 Industrial Affiliate programs exist today
• industry is tied inextricably with the campus
  research and faculty and students
• Tech transfer between university and industry
  is often (usually) the goal
• compared with many universities, there is
  significant effort to solicit questions and
  problems and issues from Industry to inform and
  guide research interests.
• Many faculty have been or currently are
  entrepreneurs
• many more entrepreneurs in the Valley and
  elsewhere were Stanford students/faculty

Varian
Hewlett-Packard
Alza
SUN Microsys
Genentech
Cisco
Yahoo
Google
YouTube
56
H-STARHUMAN SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES ADVANCED
RESEARCH INSTITUTE

• RESEARCH FOCUS
• Research on people and technology how people
  use technology, how to better design technology
  to make it more usable, how technology affects
  peoples lives, and the innovative use of
  technologies in art, education, entertainment,
  communication, commerce, business, security,
  research, and other walks of life.

Media X links Stanfords research community with
issues facing key industry Affiliates at this
intersection by surfacing issues, organizing
Focus forums, soliciting research proposals, and
funding projects
57
_at_ STANFORD UNIVERSITY
58
_at_ STANFORD UNIVERSITY
 
 
Partnerships or Learning Discussions this year
with
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
59
A key Media X ingredient RFPVIRTUAL WORLDS

• How will information be created, consumed, and
  experienced in Virtual Worlds?
• How will Trust be created, experienced, and
  nurtured in Virtual Worlds?
• How will virtual and physical worlds fuse for
  advanced human communications?
• What impact will Virtual Worlds have on K-12
  education? On higher education?

60
A key Media X ingredient RFPPARTICIPATORY
WORLDS

• How will information be created, consumed, and
  experienced in a Participatory World?
• How is Trust created and experienced for
  Participatory information?
• How do participatory technologies in the
  classroom affect knowledge, learning and
  expression?
• What policies will foster faster adoption of
  participatory media for entertainment?

61
A key Media X ingredient RFPOther Quests

• The adoption, contribution of, and trust in
  Autonomic Agents
• The adoption, contribution of, and evolution of
  Mobile Connectivity/Devices
• Collaboration Technologies for VR
• Medical Simulations and remote Surgery

62
Vectors of Technology Futures (Sarnoff Labs)
A multidimensional explosion
Media Richness
3D interactive objects
Audio and video
Text and Graphics
Smart Service
PC connected
Browsers
Several things connected
Search Engines
Everything connected
Process 100s-1000s MIPs Storage GB-TB Speed
Mbps-Gbps
Media based searches
Process MIPs Storage MB Speed kbps
Ubiquitous Connectivity
Personalized Web View
Personalized Search
IT Capacity
63
MOTOTrends What is new?
2005
2007
Example
Active Personalization
Personalization
Security and privacy
End to End Trust
Experimentation out of Necessity
Technology outpacing business models
Information explosion
Digital Overload Next Generation of Search
Global adoption of mobile handsets
Handset First Connectivity Device Most of the
World Will Use
Collaborative Communities
64
Beyond the Desktop Interactive Workspaces
65
Enhancing place-based learning

• Google Maps is a framework we can all use to
  annotate the physical world. In the very near
  future, billions of people will be roaming the
  planet with GPS devices. Clouds of network
  connectivity are forming over our major cities
  and will inevitably coalesce. The geo-aware Web
  isnt a product we buy its an environment we
  colonize. the real action will be in empowering
  people to create their own services, with their
  own data, for their friends, family, and business
  associates. (Jon Udell, March 4, 2005).

66
Participatory Media
More than half of online teens have created
content for the Internet.

• Blogging and the blogosphere
• Participatory journalism
• People engage with media in their own terms
• Users as contributors
• FolksonomyUploading and tagging photos and
  video, blogs, URLs - Flickr, Technorati,
  De.licio.Us, YouTube
• Social networking, e.g., MySpace (55Mil unique
  users per mo)

67
(No Transcript)
68
Experiments show conclusively that

• Learning is done best by doing ? Participative
  involvement is engaging
• Learner-centric learning is enhanced by rich
  multi-mediated material
• Always on devices for information/leadership
  any time or place will change the paradigm
• Virtual Realities/Virtual Presence are COMING
• America will no longer be isolated from events
  abroad economic/political/cultural

69
So what do you need to do?

• Learn about these new worlds of Wikis, Blogs,
  Social Networks, and WOW and DKP
• Connect your company/organization/institution/agen
  cy to the research underway at your local
  university, through HASTAC, or through a program
  like Media X
• Build some useful content or tools
• Almost all rich multi-mediated material is
  today aimed at NOVICES, based on entertainment
  value
• Almost no Learning tools or learning environments
  support CREATION, VIEWING, ARCHIVING, or
  COMPARING image-based (or full contextual-based)
  materials yet

We have a LONG WAYS to go, but . . . it will be
exciting when we get there