American History Final Exam Review

1
American History Final Exam Review
2

• What were the main reasons for colonization of
  American by the Europeans?
• Religion, riches, and land (gold, god, and glory)

3

• What was the first successful English colony in
  North America
• Jamestown

4

• What was the most common form of local government
  in the New World?
• Town meetings

5

• What conflict (war) led to the tensions between
  the colonists and England?
• French and Indian War

6

• Why did Parliament pass the Navigation Acts?
• Regulated trade in the colonies for the benefit
  of England.

7

• What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?
  What did it prohibit?
• Passed by Parliament, outlawed colonists from
  moving into territory west of the Appalachian
  Mountains acquired from France after the French
  and Indian War

8

• How did John Locke influence Thomas Jefferson and
  the writing of the Declaration of Independence?
• The natural rights of man (life, liberty, and
  property)

9

• Who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense? Why did he
  write it? Who did it influence?
• Thomas Paine, argued that colonist should free
  themselves from British rule. Encouraged many
  colonists to support independence.

10

• Who was the Marquis de Lafayette?
• French aristocrat who offered his assistance to
  the Washington in the Revolutionary War

11

• Which European nation aided the United States
  during the American Revolution?
• France

12

• What was the significance of the Battle of
  Lexington and Concord? Who were the Minutemen and
  Redcoats?
• Battle between the Redcoats (British Army) and
  the Minutemen (colonial militia) that started the
  Revolutionary War

13

• What was the significance of the Battle of
  Yorktown?
• It was the battle that ended the American
  Revolution

14

• What were the major weaknesses of the American
  government under the articles of Confederation?
• No strong central government, no power to tax,
  consisted only of a legislative branch, states
  had too much power.

15

• Why was the Bill of Rights added to the
  Constitution?
• So that the Antifederalists would agree to ratify
  the Constitution

16

• What was the Albany Plan? What did it do?
• First attempt by the states to create a plan for
  unification

17

• Why did the framers of the Constitution create a
  system of checks and balance for the government?
• So that no one branch of government to become too
  powerful

18

• What was the Great Compromise?
• Also known as the Connecticut Compromise, it
  established equal representation for all states
  in the Senate and representation by population in
  the House of Representatives

19

• What was Shays Rebellion? What did it lead to?
• Farmers in Massachusetts rebelled closing several
  courthouse to stop foreclosures on their farms.
  Illustrated that the nation needed a strong
  central government

20

• What were the first two political parties in the
  United States? Who was responsible for their
  creation?
• Federalists (Alexander Hamilton) and the
  Democratic Republicans (Thomas Jefferson)

21

• What groups were disenfranchised (not allowed to
  vote) by the Constitution?
• Landowners, African Americans women native
  Americans

22

• What purchase doubled the size of the United
  States?
• Louisiana Purchase

23

• What purchase was made to create a southern
  railway in the United States?
• Gadsden Purchase southern Arizona and southern
  New Mexico

24

• What were the main ideas of Jacksonian Democracy?
• spoils system
• Did NOT support for bank
• representing common man
• universal white male suffrage

25

• How did Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamiltons
  views on the Constitution differ?
• Hamilton favored a strong national government
  while Jefferson favored strong state governments

26

• What was the outcome of the war of 1812? What
  were the major effects in had on the United
  States?
• The United States won the war, return to status
  quo with Britain prior to the war, increased
  patriotism through out the nation.

27

• Who was Dred Scott and Why did he sue for his
  freedom?
• Slave who sued for his freedom after living in a
  free state. Supreme Court ruled that he had no
  rights because slaves were nothing more than
  property and therefore could not sue in court.

28

• What was the purpose of the Kansas Nebraska Act?
• Proposed by Stephen Douglas, it allowed popular
  sovereignty (allow the people to choose slaver or
  free) in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska

29

• Why did Kansas become known as Bleeding Kansas?
  
• Fighting between proslavery and antislavery
  factions for control of Kansas turned violent and
  deadly

30

• How did the Southern states react to the election
  of Abraham Lincoln in 1860?
• Began to secede from the Union

31

• What were the major differences between the North
  and South during the Antebellum period?
• The North was industrial based factories, child
  and women labored
• The south was agricultural based slavery

32

• What was the Missouri Compromise? What effect did
  it have on slavery?
• It allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and
  Maine to enter as a free state (maintain balance
  in congress), remainder of Louisiana Territory
  divided along 36-30 latitude, north would be free
  territory, south slave.

33

• Who was Stephen Douglas? What idea did he promote
  in the Kansas Nebraska Act? Why?
• Senator from Illinois who promoted the idea of
  popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska
  territory. He was interested in creating a
  railway through the area and he needed support.

34

• What was Lincolns main goal at the outbreak of
  the Civil War?
• Preserve the Union

35

• Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point?
• Last invasion of the North by the South.

36

• What was the stated goal of the Emancipation
  Proclamation?
• Free the slaves in all Confederate held
  territories.

37

• What was Shermans Total War tactic?
• The act of committing war against military and
  civilians as well, complete destruction of enemy
  resources.

38

• What was Lincolns referring to in his House
  Divided speech?
• slavery

39

• What happened as a result of the Battle of
  Antietam?
• Gave Lincoln the opportunity to issue the
  Emancipation Proclamation, it was the bloodiest
  single day of the Civil War, and the Confederacy
  lost hope for British support

40

• Define the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
• 13th abolished slavery
• 14th all persons born or naturalized in the
  United States to be citizens of their states and
  or the nation, and prohibited states from denying
  citizens equal protection and due process of the
  law.
• 15th guaranteed the right vote to any citizen
  regardless of race, color, or previous condition
  of servitude.

41

• How did congress attempt to deal with the newly
  formed Ku Klux Klan in the South? What was
  passed?
• Passed the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871
  which protected black voters and the Ku Klux Klan
  Act which authorized the president to use the
  military and other emergency measures to
  overthrow the Klan.

42

• What were the provisions of the Reconstruction
  Act of 1867?
• The south was put under military control and
  divided into military districts, each headed by
  an officer. States were required to ratify the
  14th amendment and protect African American
  voting rights.

43

• Explain the Radical Republicans Reconstruction
  Plan. How were they able to push their plan
  through Congress?
• Radical Republicans had enough votes to override
  a presidential veto, therefore they passed the
  Reconstruction Act of 1867 putting the South
  under military control.

44

• Explain the major economic effects of Civil War
  on the North and South.
• The North had become wealthier, stronger and more
  industrial during the war while the South had
  been devastated. The South was still reliant and
  agriculture, specifically cash crops, but they
  had no labor force after war.

45

• Why was Andrew Johnson impeached? What was the
  result of his impeachment?
• He fired Edward M. Stanton as Secretary of War
  which was a violation of the Tenure of Office
  Act. Republicans were upset with Johnson and his
  reconstruction policies.
• He was saved by 1 vote.

46

• What led to the withdrawal of troops from the
  south effectively ending reconstruction?
• Compromise of 1877

47

• Explain the causes of population growth in the
  West. What was the Homestead Act
• Homestead Act of 1862 settlers were able to
  purchase 160 acres for 10 from the federal
  government. In return they were required to live
  on the land for at least five year and make
  improvments.

48

• Why were Native Americans moved to reservations?
• Settlers moved westward requiring more land along
  with the expansion of railroads. Reservations
  were set aside for Native Americans.

49

• What marked the end of the Indian Wars?
• The decimation of the Bison, and the Massacre at
  Wounded Knee (Ghost Dance)

50

• What were the major components of the Populist
  Parties platform?
• Bimetallism (silver standard), direct election of
  senators (17th amendment), graduated income tax

51

• Why assembly line introduced?
• To make producing a product more time and cost
  efficient.

52

• What is a monopoly?
• Monopoly complete control over an industries
  production, wages, and prices, one company
  controls an entire market. (illustrated in the
  cartoon about Standard Oil Company to the right)

53

• What was the Bisbee Deportation? Why did it
  occur?
• What started as a labor dispute between copper
  mining companies in Arizona and their workers
  turned into vigilante action against the
  allegedly nefarious activities of the Industrial
  Workers of the World (I.W.W.)

54

• What is laissez-faire?
• belief that economic market should be allowed to
  run freely without government interference.

55

• What is Social Darwinism?
• applied Charles Darwins theory of evolution to
  the business world

56

• What place did the Tragedy occur that led New
  York authorities to establish strict rules about
  fire codes, working hours, child labor, and other
  worker-related issues?
• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

57

• What strategies were employed by women
  suffragists to obtain their goal?
• Speeches, demonstrations, civil disobedience,
  marches, sermons, published materials

58

• Where did the majority of immigrants come from
  that entered Ellis Island?
• Europe

59

• What was Congress attempting to restrict by
  issuing the Gentlemens Agreement, literacy
  tests, and the quota system?
• immigration

60

• What was the impact on immigration from the
  immigration quota laws in 1921 and 1924?
• Certain ethnic groups from certain regions within
  Europe were preferred over others.

61

• Explain the issues that drive the current
  immigration debate today.
• Examples illegal immigration, competition for
  jobs, and impacts on the economy.

62

• Define the regions where the present wave of
  immigration come from.
• South America and Asia

63

• Settlement houses founded by?
• Jane Adams and the Hull House along with other
  social reformers.

64

• Explain the impacts and effects of Urbanization
  on city life
• Pollution, overcrowding, poor sanitation,
  disease, crime, fire and tenements were all
  issues that emerged as a result of urbanization

65

• What was the Social Gospel Movement? Give
  examples of some of the most famous locations and
  organizations.

66

• Who was Boss Tweed? How did political machines
  manipulate local elections?
• Political boss who ran Tamney Hall. Political
  machines forced people to vote in for who they
  wanted in order to influence government and
  politics during the Gilded Age.

67

• Which amendment gave women the right to vote?
• 19th amendment

68

• Which political party called for woman suffrage,
  8 hour work day, federal law against child labor,
  preservation of environment?
• Progressive Party

69

• Which famous book led to the Meat Inspection Act?
• Upton Sinclairs the Jungle

70

• What was the Pure Food and Drug Act?
• Created to ensure that food and medicines were
  safe for use by consumers.

71

• Who was involved in the conservation movement of
  the Progressive Era?
• Teddy Roosevelt, John Muir, and Gifford Pinchot

72

• Progressive era reforms, referendum and recall
  did what?
• Reform- To change a law
• Referendum-is a direct vote in which an entire
  electorate is asked to either accept or reject a
  particular proposal
• Recall- A recall election is a procedure by which
  voters can remove an elected official from office

73

• Arizona Constitution included Progressive Era
  features except?
• Reapportionment.