Exploration and Settlement

1
Exploration and Settlement

• Unit 2

2
The Big Idea

• Exploration has affected not only what people
  know, but where different groups of people have
  settled. As we discuss this unit, consider how
  exploration has affected what we know about the
  world today.

3
Chapter 3

• Age of Exploration

4
Lesson 1-World Travel and Trade

• Merchant
• Kingdom
• Caravan

5
Read p. 84-85

• Who was Marco Polo?
• He was a merchant from Venice who traveled to
  China in 1271.
• What inventions did Marco Polo see in China?
• He saw many inventions, such as paper, printing,
  and gunpowder.
• What was the Silk Road?
• It was the name for several trade routes
  connecting China and Europe.
• Where did Admiral Zheng He and his crew sail?
• Throughout Southeast Asia and all the way to
  Africas east coast.

6
Marco Polo

• The actions of Marco Polo brought knowledge to
  Europe of the incredible riches in China and
  other parts of Asia. This knowledge soon brought
  change by inspiring European traders to set out
  by land to benefit from the wealth of Asia.

7
Read p. 86-86

• Why did people in Ghana trade gold for salt?
• They did not have enough salt, which was used to
  keep food from spoiling.
• In what kingdom was the city of Timbuktu located?
• Mali
• Who was Mansa Musa?
• He was a Muslim ruler who was Malis greatest
  king.

8
The Silk Road

• People and nations gained through trade along the
  Silk Road. Travelers on the Silk Road helped to
  spread culture, diseases, ideas, plants, and
  animals between locations in Asia and Europe.

9
Lesson 2-New Ideas in Europe

• Technology
• Navigation
• Astrolabe
• Profit
• Slavery

10
Read p. 90-91

• What was the Renaissance?
• It was a period during the 1300s and 1400s when a
  rebirth of learning took place in Europe.
• What invention did Johannes Gutenberg develop?
• He developed a printing press that could print
  many copies of a page quickly.
• From whom did Europeans learn about the
  astrolabe?
• North Africans

11
Read p. 92-93

• Why did European countries want to find a sea
  route to Asia?
• Merchants believed that they would make larger
  profits if they found a sea route because it
  would be faster and they could trade more goods.
• Why did the caravel improve sailing techniques?
• The small, light ship had triangular sails and
  could sail into the wind, unlike other European
  ships.
• Who were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama?
• They were Portuguese explorers. Dias proved it
  was possible to sail around Africa and reach its
  east coast. Da Gama led the first Portuguese
  voyage to reach India.

12
Tools for Discovery

• Human systems and activities, such as
  technological innovation, cause places to change
  over time. The caravel, astrolabe, and the
  compass were innovations that helped people
  travel around the world.

13
Lesson 3-Europeans Arrive in the America

• Settlement
• Epidemic
• Circumnavigate

14
Read p. 96-97

• How did Columbus plan to reach Asia?
• By sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean instead
  of south around Africa
• What did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella hope
  to gain from Columbuss journey?
• They wanted to make money from the Asian gold and
  spices they hoped he would find they also wanted
  to spread Roman Catholicism.
• Who did Columbus and his crew meet in the
  Caribbean?
• The Taino

15
Christopher Columbus

• Columbus had to deal with conflict with his crew
  over the amount of time the voyage was taking.
  Cooperative action by the crew finally helped
  them to locate land. Upon landing on San
  Salvador, the explorers became aware of the
  commonality and diversity of the Tainos and
  themselves.

16
Background of Columbus

• Christopher Columbus tried for many years to find
  financing for his exploration. Finally, in April
  of 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella agreed
  to his plans.
• Columbuss first expedition consisted of three
  ships and 89 men. The Santa Maria was about 100
  ft long. The Pinta and Nina were smaller ships
  known as caravels.

17

• They were about 50 ft. long. After landing in
  San Salvador, the crew continued to Cuba, which
  Columbus named Juana, and to Espanlola. Columbus
  thought all these places were near Asia.

18

• By December of 1492, just two months after first
  sighting land, Columbus set sail for Spain. Upon
  reaching Spain, he received a warm welcome and a
  noble title. The crew of the Santa Maria, which
  had been wrecked, remained in a fort on Espanola.

19
Read p. 98-99

• Which parts of the Americas did Columbus reach?
• The coasts of Central and South America and
  islands in the West Indies, including Hispaniola
• In what ways did Europeans adaptation to the
  environment hurt the Taino?
• Europeans cut down rain forests and built sugar
  plantations many American plants and animals
  were destroyed many Taino died from diseases
  that the Europeans brought over
• What was the Columbian Exchange?
• The movement of plants, animals, and people
  between the Eastern and Western

20

• What foods came from Europe to the Americas?
• Bananas and coffee beans
• What animals came to the Americas from Europe?
• Horses, cattle, pigs, and sheep

21
Read p. 100-101

• Which explorer claimed eastern South America for
  Portugal in 1500?
• Pedro Alvarez Cabral
• Who was Amerigo Vespucci?
• He was an Italian who made several voyages to the
  Caribbean and South America
• How did Balboa reach the Pacific Ocean?
• He crossed mountains and jungles in present-day
  Panama
• When Magellans crew circumnavigated the world,
  what did they prove?
• They proved that Columbuss theory about sailing
  west to Asia was correct.

22
Lesson Summary
Columbus first landed in the Caribbean in 1492.
Other explorers, including Vespucci and Balboa,
traveled to the Americas.
Magellans crew was the first to circumnavigate
the world.
23
Mapping New Lands

• European explorers helped to expand peoples
  perception of the world in spatial terms. The
  information they brought back helped to pinpoint
  locations and analyze characteristics and
  patterns among those locations.

24
Lesson 4-Conquest of the Americas

• Expedition
• Conquistador
• Empire

25
Lesson Preview

• In this lesson, we will learn how the desire for
  riches led to the conquest of the Aztecs by
  Cortes.

26
Read p. 104-105

• Who was Hernan Cortes?
• A Spanish explorer and conquistador who led an
  expedition to Mexico in 1519
• Where was the Aztec empire?
• In present-day Mexico
• What made Tenochtitlan different from European
  cities?
• The Aztec capital was twice as big as any
  European city and was built in the middle of a
  lake
• When the Spanish claimed all of Mexico in 1535,
  what did they call it?
• New Spain

27
Fall of the Aztecs

• The Aztecs, thinking Cortes might be a god,
  initially welcomed the Spanish. But Cortes was
  determined to conquer the Aztecs by force and
  take their great wealth.

28
Read p. 106-107

• Who was the first Spanish conquistador to reach
  the present-day United States?
• Juan Ponce de Leon
• What did De Soto find on his travels?
• American Indians but no riches
• What did Coronado and his soldiers hope to find?
• The cities of gold he and other explorers had
  heard about

29
The Spanish Move into Florida

• Ponce de Leon landed on the mainland of North
  America at a place he called La Florida, seeking
  the legendary Fountain of Youth. In doing so, he
  became the first Spanish explorer to set foot in
  what is now part of the United States.

30
The Seven Cities of Gold

• Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was one of several
  explorers to search for the Seven Cities of Gold
  north of Mexico. He and his soldiers traveled
  thousands of miles and claimed much of what is
  now the south-western United States for Spain.

31
De Soto Moves Ahead

• Through the actions of the explorer Hernando de
  Soto, much of what is today the southeastern
  United States was claimed for Spain. De Soto
  continued his search for gold and became one of
  the first Europeans to see the Mississippi River.

32
Explorer Review
Spanish explorers
Ponce de Leon
de Soto
Coronado
33
Spanish Explorers

• Spanish explorers influenced the course of
  history as they explored the North American
  continent.

34
Lesson 5-New Spain

• Colony
• Mission
• Convert
• Hacienda
• Revolt

35
Read p. 110-111

• What did Spanish settlers do in New Spain?
• They started towns, farmed land, and built gold
  and silver mines.
• Which nations tried to claim North American
  lands?
• Spain, England, France, Holland, and Russia
• What settlement did Pedro Menendez de Aviles
  start in 1565?
• St. Augustine
• What settlement did Junipero Serra help build?
• San Diego

36
Background

• St. Augustine, Florida, was part of the Spanish
  colonial empire.
• Pedro Menendez de Aviles, St. Augustines
  founder, became Floridas first governor.

37
Building New Spain

• After rewarding the conquistadors with land taken
  from the Indians, the Spanish government set
  about colonizing New Spain. As colonists came to
  mine gold and silver or set up plantations, the
  lives of the Native Americans changed
  dramatically.

38
Read p. 112-113

• What did the conquistadors find large amounts of
  in North America?
• silver
• Where were many American Indians and enslaved
  Africans forced to work?
• At Spanish haciendas and mines at sugar
  plantations in the Caribbean
• Who led the 1680 revolt against the Spanish in
  New Mexico?
• Pope, a Pueblo Indian leader

39
Lesson Review
Spanish priests and explorers begin to travel
north to start missions.
Menendez de Aviles starts St. Augustine.
De Onate settles present-day New Mexico.
Serra helps build San Diego.
40
Leadership in New Spain

• Individuals such as Bartolome de las Casas,
  Junipero Serra, and Pope influenced the course of
  New Spains history.