Ancient Greece: Geography Athens Sparta The Golden Era

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Ancient GreeceGeographyAthens/ SpartaThe
Golden Era

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Geography of Greece

• A peninsula with many harbors
• Italy and Greece are both peninsulas and
  mountainous
• Unlike Italy, Greece does not have farm land or a
  major river to provide silt
• Due to poor climate and a lack of farmland the
  Greeks adapted by growing cops and raising
  animals that could withstand these circumstances

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Economy of Greece

• Greeks produced olives, grapes, barley, and wheat
• They traded these good for grain they could not
  grow themselves

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Putting it all together

• Please answer questions 3, 4, and 5 on page 187.
  You may work with a partner.

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City-States in Ancient Greece Sparta

• Located on the Peloponnesus
• Setteld by Dorain warriors who defeated and
  enslaved everyone in their region
• Slaves outnumbered masters
• Masters feared slaves would revolt
• This fear caused Spartan leaders to protect
  themselves by creating a military society

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Sparta contd

• Boys started army training at 7 years old
• Spartans were proud of their self-discipline
• Political power was in the hands of the Council
  of Elders (oligarchy)
• The government focused on maintaining a strong
  army

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Sparta contd

• Successes
• created and maintained a strong army.
• Controlled a group of city-states called the
  Peloponnesian League
• Problems
• People could not think for themselves
• Discouraged outsiders from moving into Sparta
• Spartans were not allowed to visit or trad e with
  other regions

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City-states in Ancient Greece Athens

• Located in Attica
• Allowed people to think freely
• As a result, a democracy developed
• Created a constitution to make the public aware
  of laws
• Adult males became citizens and members of the
  assembly
• Citizens had one vote in the assembly, voted on
  many issues, also elected leaders
• Also had trials by jury

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Athens contd

• Athens encouraged outsiders to move to Athens and
  share new ideas
• Citizens of Athens encouraged children to be
  educated, did not value the military
• Also had slaves. Although they were treated
  better than Spartan slaves, they did most of the
  work so citizens could spend their time on public
  affairs

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Athens contd

• Successes
• 1. created a democracy where people could make
  decisions and participate in government

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The Golden Age in Athens

• Athens defeats the Persians in the 470s B.C.,
  this is the beginning of the Golden Age in Greece
• Golden Age time of rebuilding, prosperity and
  important achievements in Athens. During this
  time, Athens becomes the leading city of Greece

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Philosophy

• Philosophy is important during this time
• Special schools were created to teach philosophy

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End of the Golden Age

• The Golden Age ends in 431 B.C. when the
  Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta, attacked
  Athens
• A plague hit Athens and Pericles died. As a
  result, Athens did not have a strong leader
• Athens surrendered in 404 B.C.
• Sparta won, however, Greece was destroyed and
  open to attack by outsiders
• In 338 B.C. , Greece was conquered by King
  Phillip of Macedonia