Welcome to Bionanotechnology Day 11 Chem 140240

1
Welcome to BionanotechnologyDay 11Chem
140/240
2
Requirements - Exams
Midterm 1 Tuesday, February 5, 2008 (800
950 AM) Final Exam (Midterm 2) Tuesday,
March 11, 2008 (800 950 AM) The final is
really a second midterm
3
Requirements - Exams
Exams will cover material presented in lecture.
The midterm covers material from January 8-31,
2008. The final exam (second midterm) covers
material from February 7-March 6, 2008.
4
Grading Chem 140

• Participation in class discussions 30
• Midterm examination 35
• - Final (second Midterm) examination 35

5
Grading Chem 240

• Participation in class discussions 25
• Midterm examination 30
• Final (second Midterm) examination 30
• - Report (Due on March 13, 2008) 15

6
Final Report Chem 240
Choose 1 paper from literature that was not
discussed in class. The paper should have been
published (or be available online) on or after
January 1, 2008 It must be related to
bionanotechnology or nanobiotechnology. Write
a 2 page, single spaced, critical review of the
manuscript.
7
Final Report Chem 240
These two pages should not include any figures.
(You may include figures, but these should be in
additional pages.) Staple a copy of the paper to
your report. Potential journals include
Nano Lett., Science, Nature, JACS, Angew.
Chem., Macromolecules, Biomacromolecules, Adv.
Mat., Langmuir, Nanotechnology, ACS Nano You are
strongly encouraged to discuss the paper
selection with the TA.
8
Final Report Chem 240
March 13 (800 am) Final reports are due by the
beginning of the class period. 10 points will
be subtracted per 24 hour time period that the
paper is late unless an authorized excuse of
illness, etc. is provided.
9
Final Report Chem 240
-Length 2 pages text maximum. The page limit
does not include Figures, Schemes, References,
etc. Do not include a cover page. Please note
that it is okay to write less, if content
satisfies the goal of summarizing the
paper. -Margins 1" all around -Font not less
than 10 pt, Arial -References Must be included
in the same style as the format of your selected
journal.
10
Final Report Chem 240
Content -Start with a solid summary that
addresses the goals and importance of the paper.
-Include a brief summary of experiments. Try to
address techniques, problems encountered and
solutions to the problems, collected data and
interpretation. -Give a summary of the
conclusions drawn from the experiments. -Address
the impact of the research, i.e. how does this
affect future directions of the field?
11
Final Report Chem 240
Tips -Including your own criticism of the paper
will increase the points awarded. -Try to
select journal articles that are 2-5 pages long.
Long reviews will be difficult to summarize
effectively.
12
Final Report Chem 240
Plagiarism To plagiarize is to take and use as
one's own the thoughts, writings, or inventions
of another, according to the Oxford English
Dictionary (OED, 2nd Ed. Oxford University
Press Oxford 1989). In your report, you should
AVOID PLAGIARISM. On the other hand, to
paraphrase allows one to express the meaning of
(a written or spoken passage, or the words of an
author or speaker) using different words, esp. to
achieve greater clarity to render or translate
freely (OED).
13
Final Report Chem 240
Plagiarism The easiest way to plagiarize, not
knowingly, when writing a review or giving a talk
is by taking a figure from a paper directly
without modifications, or with minor
modifications, and not giving proper reference to
the source. If you take a figure without any
modifications, a statement such as, Taken from
ref. XXX, would suffice. With some
modifications, write adapted from ref. XXX.
14
Final Report Chem 240
Also in your review, avoid taking direct
sentences or alterations of sentences from the
paper without proper referencing. For
example   Original sentence from Prof. Maynard
Book Many people think that Swiss chocolates
are better than American chocolates because the
milk used is very fresh. Plagiarism I think
that Swiss chocolates are better than American
chocolates because the milk used is very
fresh. Plagiarism I think that chocolates from
Switzerland are better than American chocolates
because the milk comes directly from the farm.
Proper credit Prof. Maynard states Many
people think that Swiss chocolates are better
than American chocolates because the milk used is
very fresh.(1) (1) Heather D. Maynard, Prof.
Maynard Book, 2005, vol 10, p. 160.
15
Final Report Chem 240
The most obvious form of plagiarism is to use
someone elses review and claim it as your own.
  Please note that taking images, figures, and
sentences from the paper you review, to include
in the written report, is considered plagiarism
if you do not reference properly. Please see
Prof. Maynard or the TA if you have any
questions.   Plagiarism, in any form, will not be
tolerated and could result in disciplinary
actions. Please use the link below for further
information about the UCLA policy.   http//www.de
anofstudents.ucla.edu/studentconduct.htm
16
Proteins

• Biomolecules which regulate the function and
  structure of cells, tissues and organs.
• Examples
• Hemoglobin carries oxygen through the body.
• Melanin gives skin pigmentation and the iris
  color.
• Keratin provides structure of hair and nails.
• Serum Albumin maintains blood pressure.
• Alcohol Dehydrogenase breaks down alcohol in the
  liver.

17
Commercial Protein Therapeutics

• Insulin
• Helps to regulate blood glucose levels for people
  with diabetes.
• Erythropoietin (Procrit, Epogen)
• Glycoprotein which stimulates the production of
  red blood cells.
• Used to treat anemia caused by chemotherapy, HIV
  or kidney disease
• Interferon-a (Intron A, Roferon)
• Used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in
  adults.

Pavlou, A. K. Reichert, J. M. Nature Biotech
2004, 22, 1513-1519. Chirino, A. J. Ary, M. L.
Marshall, S. A. Drug Discovery Today 2004, 9,
82-90.
18
Immunogenicity of Exogenous Proteins

• Elicited immune response from the treatment
• Polymers can help to minimizing immunogenicity
• Decrease the amount of treatments by increasing
  in vivo lifetime
• Attach polymers to the protein
• Ex. Pegylation

Good reviews on conjugate applications Duncan,
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2003 Hoffman
Stayton, Macromol. Symp., 2004 Elemans, Rowan,
Nolte, J. Mat. Chem. 2003,

• Increased stability
• Longer half-life

19
Protein-Polymer Conjugates
Interferon a

Polyethylene glycol
PEG Intron A
20
Polymer-Protein Conjugates Clinically Used
Duncan Nature Reviews 2003, 2, 347-360
21
Importance of Well-Defined Bioconjugates

• Specific binding site
• Defined chain length

22
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)
Matyjaszewski coworkers JACS 1995 Sawamoto
coworkers Macromolecules 1995
23

Access of Different Molecular Weights
A range of molecular weights are accessible
Bontempo, Heredia, Fish, Maynard, JACS, 2004,
126, 15372-15373
24

End Group Determination by NMR
91 polymer chains with pyridyl disulfide end
group
Bontempo, Heredia, Fish, Maynard, JACS, 2004,
126, 15372-15373
25
Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a Model Protein

• Conjugation to BSA
• Most common protein in blood
• One free cysteine
• Inexpensive model protein

Carter Ho, Protein Chem. 1994, 45, 153-204
Will the polymer react with BSA? Mix protein
with pyridyl disulfide poly(HEMA)
26
Protein-Polymer Conjugate Formation
Bontempo, Heredia, Fish, Maynard, JACS 2004,
126, 15372-15373