CQ:

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Chapter 6

• CQ
• Will National States (the Traditional structure)
  continue to dominate international relations?

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I. The Nature and Origins of the State
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A. The State Defined

• A territorially defined political unit that
  exercises ultimate internal authority and
  recognizes no external authority over itself

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1. Sovereignty

• The most important characteristic of a state.
  Why?
• Sovereignty implies legal equality among states,
  but legal equality does not mean real equality
• UNGA?

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2. Territory

• States generally have a geographic area, but
  there are exceptions.
• Who, what, where and why?

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3. Population

• Obviously a minimal requirement
• Why is international citizenship a growing
  concept?
• EU Mexico
• US Ex-Pats Absentee Ballots

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4. Diplomatic recognition

• A state must have recognition by some other
  countries in order for it to be accepted as a
  state
• Should Taiwan be recognized?

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5. Internal organization

• There necessity of political and economic
  structure
• What level?
• What attributes indicate internal order?

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6. Domestic support

• Support from belief in state by some part of
  the population
• How has separatism changed Europe/European
  nation-states?

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B. The Origins of the State

• Macrolevel Catholic Church Holy Roman Empire
• Microlevel Lords, emperors, kings, feudal system
• Why was Martin Luther successful?
• Evolution of states toward democracy
• Coming of democracy
• How did the American French Revolutions change
  the idea of the nation-state?

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II. The State as the Core Political Organization
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A. Theories of Governance
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1. Authoritarian governance
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a. Role of theocratic rule and monarchism
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b. Communism

• Vanguard Elite
• Totalitarianism Stalin
• No faith in people Leader must secure communist
  state

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c. Fascism and Nazism

• Reliance on emotion
• Superiority of some over others
• Legitimacy of
• Rejection of individual rights
• All economic activity supports the state why?
• Anthropomorphic view of state (humanized state)
• Individual's highest expression is in people
• Highest expression of people is leader, who rules
  as totalitarian dictator

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2. Democratic governance
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a. Standards of democracy

• Procedural democracy the process
• Substantive democracy the product
• Individualism Rights and liberties of individual
  are supreme
• Communitarianism Welfare of the collective is
  most important
• Role of state

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b. Possibility of democracy

• Increased democratization in recent times
• Links with economic development educational
  level
• Attitudes--freedom is not always the first
  priority of citizens
• What is?

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c. Democracy and domestic security

• Transitional period ethnic violence
• Democide
• Definition
• What are best preventative steps?

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3. Democracies International Security

• Democratic Peace Theory
• Democracies unlikely to fight one another
• Institutional explanations
• Desire for reelection influences leaders' choices
• Normative explanations
• Sharing of similar values links states
• Interest explanations
• Citizens tend to be satisfied

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4. Criticism of democratic peace theory

• Peace is an anomaly
• Democracies are not always peaceful
• Role of other factors

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B. National and Other Interests
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1. National interest as a standard of conduct

• Support
• Realist argument
• Criticisms
• Subjective
• Assumes common interest
• Undermines international stability leads to
  inequities
• Double standard intermestic impact
• Shortsighted EDC-LDC aid purchasing power

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2. Alternatives to national interest

• Advocates of global interest the merit of global
  citizenry
• National interest human interest are synonymous
• Individual interests
• Consideration of own interest leads to better
  world political system

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III. States and the Future
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A. States the IndictmentObsolescence

• States are too large
• States do not meet people's needs
• Loss of individual power and voice, especially
  for minorities
• States are too small
• Key roles of the state are not being
  satisfactorily fulfilled
• Providing physical safety
• Providing economic prosperity
• Providing for the general welfare
• States are destructive
• Average citizens bear the brunt of war, economic
  sanctions
• States often perpetrate violence on their own
  citizens

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B. States The Defense Resilient Nationalism

• Learning to cooperate and live in international
  peace
• Strengthening of states as a result of
  intermestic systems demands for services
• Sovereignty is a relative, dynamic concept
• States better form of political organization
• IGOs yet to prove to be effective alternative

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C. The State The Verdict

• The world is changing and the system of sovereign
  states evolving
• Question to what?
• Design the 21st Century IR hierarchy