THE ORIGINS OF FLIGHT

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THE ORIGINS OF FLIGHT
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TESTWEDNESDAY13 SEPTEMBER 2006REMINDER CHECK
QUOTES AND HANDBOOK
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OVERVIEW

• Early Civilizations Ideas about Flight
• Ancient Attempts to Fly
• Applying Science to Flight

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The True Origins of Flight

• How far back do we need to go to study history of
  flight?
• Three stages of the history of flight
• Starts with legendmore than 2,000 years before
  Christ
• Fantasy is great but it leads to nothing concrete
• Progresses to trial and error
• Unscientific and is dangerous
• Investigation/Experimentation using logic
• Best way to approach problems

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QUESTION FOR THOUGHT

• What kind of method of problem solving do you
  think is most used by high school students?

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ChinaThe Home of Legend

• Chinese Emperor Shun
• 2000 B.C.
• Imprisoned but escapes using the work clothes of
  birds
• Kei KungChinese god of thunder and
  lighteningoriginal Batman
• Ki-Kung-Shibuilt flying chariot that could
  levitate
• What does it mean? Levitate

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Myth to Reality in China

• Chinese invent the kite1000B.C.
• Some large enough to carry a man
• Not sure if this happenedbut was possible
• By 1600 A.D. it did happen
• Chinese invented and used gunpowder with rockets
  by 1100 A.D.
• Used in celebrations
• Then to scare enemy
• Gave Rise to Wan Hoo legend
• 47 rockets to a chair
• Literally thought to be the man on the moon

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Middle East to Middle Americas

• 3500 B.C.--Coin of King Etena of Babylonia
  (Modern Baghdad, Iraq)
• Flying to heaven on the back of an Eagle
• 1500 B.C.--Kai KawusKing of Persia (Iran) has a
  flying thrown carried by eagles
• Air Iran used this symbol and now uses the
  griffinhalf eagle-half lion
• 300 B.C.--Alexander the Great of Macedonia
  (modern Balkans) rode in a cage pulled by
  griffins
• 2500 B.C.Incas believed their civilization
  founded by four brothersone (Auca) with wings

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Greeks and RomansFamous Legends800 B.C.-527 A.D.

• Hermes and Mercury gods that had wings on their
  feet
• Eros and Cupidgods of love and were pictured as
  winged children
• PegasusGreek winged horse who caused water to
  flow from Mt. Helicon by striking it with his
  hooves
• Legend of Daedalus and Icarus Daedalus was the
  father and an architect
• Imprisoned by the King of Crete
• Daedalus built wings of wax

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Whats the Point?

• Legends of flight dont just come from China, the
  Middle East or ancient Indian cultures
• Flight Legends are in Anglo stories too
• Domingo Gonzalesan Englishman
• Known The Man in the Moon
• Supposedly designed a conveyance pulled by geese
  to take him to the moon
• The stories are from nearly EVERY known culture
  and show mans desire to join the birds

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ASSIGNMENT

• If I could fly like a bird, I would
• Write one or two paragraphs telling what you
  would do if you could fly like a bird.

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Desire and Ability to Fly

• There is a gap in desire and abilitywhat does
  that mean?
• To bridge that gap, men began to realize they
  needed machines
• Francesco de Lana1670 Italian Jesuit designs a
  flying boat
• Precursor to balloon, but copper spheres would
  have to be replaced

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ATTEMPTING TO FLY

• Armen Firman 852 A.D. Moor in Spainused his
  cloak and jumped from a high tower
• More like parachute jump
• Looked like a winged parachute
• Not successful!!
• Others did things like adding feathers and
  flapping

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Feathers and Flapping

• Why does that not work for man?
• Man is simply too heavy
• Man would need one square foot for every pound
• 150-pound man would need a wings 30 feet long and
  5 feet wide
• Man used imagination not science in the trial and
  error method

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Science Begins

• Leonardo da Vinci
• Lived from 1452 1519
• Musician, mathematician, architect
• First aeronautical engineer
• Designed a parachute
• Model helicopter
• Fixed wing glider
• Focus on Ornithopters a downfall

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Da Vinci Contradicted

• G.A. Borelli
• 1608-1679150 years after da Vinci
• Biologist pointed out differences in man and bird
  physiology
• Weight to thrust
• Birds bones hollow
• Muscle proportions
• Ability to flex wings

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Da Vincis Contribution

• Leonardo da Vinci
• Left over 160 pages of descriptions and sketches
  of flying
• Gave us principles of center of gravity and
  pressure
• Discussed streamlining principles used today
• PROBLEM
• Manuscripts lost for 300 years

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Questions to consider

• What are the three stages of development for
  flight?
• Legend
• Trial and Error
• Investigation/Experimentation using logic
• Who was Chinese Emperor Shun
• Escaped from prison using working clothes of
  birds

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Questions2

• Who was the Chinese god of thunder and
  lighteningoriginal Batman
• Kei Kung
• What does it mean? Levitate
• Float in air without means of support

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Questions3

• Which culture invented the kite?
• Chinese
• True or False early kites were large enough to
  carry humans
• True
• What Chinese figure was believed to be the first
  to strap rockets to a chair in order to fly to
  the moon?
• Wan Hoo

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Questions4

• Describe the legendary griffin?
• Half eaglehalf lion
• What great military leader was said to have been
  pulled by griffins?
• Alexander the Great

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Questions5

• What culture gave us the stories of Hermes, Eros,
  and Pegasus?
• Greek
• What culture gave us the stories of Mercury and
  Cupid?
• Roman
• What father created wings of wax for he and his
  son to escape prison?
• Daedelus

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Questions7

• Who was Armen Firman?
• Moor in Spainused his cloak and jumped from a
  high tower852 A.D.
• Why cant man fly like birds?
• He is too heavy

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Question8

• How would man have to overcome his weight to fly?
• Using a machine
• Who was the person who lived from 1452 1519,
  was a musician, mathematician, architect, and
  possibly the firs aeronautical engineer?
• Leonardo da Vinci

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Questions9

• What inventor designed a parachute, a model
  helicopter, and a fixed wing glider
• Leonardo da Vinci
• What kept Leonardo da Vinci from making more
  advances in aeronauticswhat was his downfall?
• Focus on Ornithopters a downfall

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Question10

• Who was the biologist that explained the
  shortfalls of da Vinci?
• G. A. Borelli