Sections of the Spinal Column

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Sections of the Spinal Column

• By Emily Mercker
• Cory Guenette
• Jim Cormier
• Kyle Johnson

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• 5 Major Sections
• Cervical Vertebra
• Thoracic Vertebra
• Lumbar Vertebra
• Sacrum
• Coccyx

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Cervical Vertebra
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C7-C3 - feature

• These are known as the typical cervical
  vertebrae
• The body is oval wider from side to side
• Spinous process is short and is bifid
• Each transverse process contains a transverse
  foramen except for Atlas and C7

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C7-C3 - function

• Muscles and ligaments bind to Spinous and
  Transverse Processes
• Transverse Foramen vertebra carry arteries to
  brain
• C7 Vertebra Prominens, easily felt though skin
  and is used as a landmark for vertebrae counting
• Contributes only slightly to skull movement

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Axis - feature
Superior

• Forms the pivot for Atlas
• Smaller Transverse Foramen
• Front of Body extends down over C3 for stability
  and up into Dens
• No intervertibral disc between it and Axis

Inferior
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Atlas - feature

• No Spinous Process
• Large Vertebral Foramen to make room for Dens
  from Axis held in place with ligaments
• Body joins to Axis during development to from
  Dens
• Carries skull, joins to Occipital Condyles

Superior
Inferior
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Atlas Axis - function

• These two vertebra are responsible for nearly all
  movement of the skull
• Atlanto-Occipitial Joint up and down
• Atlanto-Axial Joint side to side movement

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Thoracic Vertebra

• 12 Vertebrae
• Intermediate in size between cervical and lumbar
• Increase in size moving towards the posterior
• Distinguished by facets on the side of the body.

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• BODY
• Heart shaped
• Slightly thicker then behind than in front
• Convex side to side, concave behind
• PEDICLES
• Directed backward and slightly upward
• Deeper then any other region of the Vertebral
  Column.

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• LAMINAE
• Broad, thick and imbricate
• Overlap subjacent vertebrae like tiles.
• VERTEBRAL FORMAN
• Small, circular in form
• Found in the body
• SPINOUS PROCESS
• Long, triangular, on coronal section
• Directed obliquely downward. Less oblique before
  5th and after 8th.
• Overlap from 5th to 8th

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• SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES
• Thin plates of bone projecting up from the
  junction of pedicle and laminae.
• Flat, directed backward slightly upward
• INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES
• Fused projection from the laminae,
• Directed forward and a little medialward and
  downward.

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• TRANSVERSE PROCESS
• Arise from arch behind the Sup. Articular
  Processes and pedicles.
• Thick and strong.
• Each ends in a clubbed extremity, on the front a
  small concave surface, for articulation of the
  ribs.

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Lumbar Vertebrae

• 5 Vertebrae
• Same structure as Thoracic
• Largest in size
• Short Spinous Process, horizontal in direction

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Sacrum and Coccyx
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• Intervertebral Discs
• Located between every vertebra
• Help cushion and acts as a shock absorber.
• Made of Fibrocartilage.

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THE END

• http//youtube.com/watch?vI1FHtja2w3U