EUROSKEPTICISM IN TURKEY DOUBTS, ANXIETIES AND FEARS OF THE TURKISH PUBLIC CONCERNING EUROPE AND THE

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EUROSKEPTICISM IN TURKEYDOUBTS, ANXIETIES AND
FEARS OF THE TURKISH PUBLIC CONCERNING EUROPE AND
THE EUROPEAN UNION

• Open Society Institute
• Bogaziçi University Research Fund
• July 2003-July 2004

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Project DirectorDr. Hakan Yilmaz Assoc. Prof.,
Bogaziçi UniversityDepartment of Political
Science Center for European Studiesyilmazh_at_bo
un.edu.tr

• Project Assistants Nazan Maksudyan (Sabanci
  University) and Zeynep Özgen (Bogaziçi
  University)
• Field Survey Conducted By Infakto Research
  Workshop
• Consultants Dr. Emre Erdogan, Güçlü Atilgan

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Methodological Remarks

• Field Survey Conducted 17 October-10 November,
  2003
• Sample Structure An nationally
  distributed,multi-layered, random sample of 2123
  people, age 18 and above.
• Interviewees were selected from 17 provinces and
  the three big metropolitan areas (Istanbul,
  Ankara, Izmir).
• 68 percent of the interviews were conducted in
  the urban areas and 32 in the rural areas.

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Regional and Provincial Distribution of the
Interviewees
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SECTION 1GENERAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS TURKEYS
MEMBERSHIP IN THE EU
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SECTION 2THE INTERPLAY OF NATIONAL-LOCAL AND
EUROPEAN IDENTITIES
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SECTION 3BASIC TYPES OF ANXIETY CONCERNING
EUROPE AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

• EXCLUSION ANXIETY BEING EXCLUDED, AVOIDED, PUT
  OFF BY THE EUROPEANS
• HISTORICAL ANXIETY STEMMING FROM THE HISTORICAL
  MEMORY (THE TANZIMAT AND SEVRES SYNDROMES)
• SOVEREIGNTY ANXIETY LOSING NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE
  AND SOVEREIGNTY
• RELIGIOUS ANXIETY IS THE EU A CHRISTIAN CLUB?
• SEPARATISM ANXIETY THR RISK OF THE BREAKDOWN OF
  NATIONAL UNITY
• MORAL ANXIETY EROSION OF TRADITIONAL VALUES

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SECTION 3AEXCLUSION ANXIETY BEING EXCLUDED,
AVOIDED, PUT OFF BY THE EUROPEANS
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SECTION 3BHISTORICAL ANXIETIES STEMMING FROM
THE HISTORICAL MEMORY,THE TANZIMAT AND SEVRES
SYNDROMES
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SECTION 3CSOVEREIGNTY ANXIETY THE WEAKENING
OF THE NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE AND SOVEREIGNTY
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SECTION 3DRELIGIOUS ANXIETY IS THE EU A
CHRISTIAN CLUB?
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SECTION 3ESEPARATISM ANXIETY THE RISK OF THE
BREAKDOWN OF NATIONAL UNITY
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SECTION 3FMORAL ANXIETY EROSION OF TRADITIONAL
VALUES
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SECTION 4A PROFILE OF THE EUROSKEPTICS
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Profiling the Euroskeptics in Turkey

• Women are more Euroskeptic than men
• Euroskepticism has no correlation with age
• Euroskepticism tends to decline with increasing
  levels of income (but it does not necessarily
  rise with decreasing income levels)
• Euroskepticism tends to rise with increasing
  religiosity, increasing nationalistic attitudes,
  increasing rural ways of life
• Highest levels of Euroskepticism are to be found
  among housewifes, workers and peasants
• Speakers of Turkish only tend to be more
  Euroskeptic than speakers of Kurdish
• Euroskeptics comprise about 35 of the general
  population