Terrestrial and Water Biomes

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• Terrestrial and Water Biomes

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Freshwater Ecosystems

• Flowing water rivers, streams, lakes
• Standing water lakes ponds
• Wetlands
• land where water covers the soil for part of the
  year.
• bogs, marshes, swamps

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OPEN OCEAN
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Marine Ecosystems

• Intertidal zone where shore is exposed to air
  and then submerged in seawater daily. (tidepools)
• Coastal Ocean from low tide mark to continental
  shelf.
• Open ocean continental shelf and beyond
• Benthic zone ocean floor
• Abyss Hydrothermal vent regions, deepest ocean.

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Coral reefs warm, shallow tropical waters.
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Estuary

• Wetlands formed where rivers meet the ocean.
• Contain a mixture of fresh and saltwater
  (brackish water).
• 1. Salt marshes
• 2. Mangrove swamps

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Savanna

• Where E. Africa, S. Brazil, N. Australia
• Isolated trees and shrubs
• Frequent fires
• Rhinos, lions, leopards, giraffes.

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Temperate Grassland

• Where central US, Asia, Australia, S. America.
• Warm, hot summers and cold winters.
• Prairie dogs, prairie chickens, antelope, bison.

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Temperate Forest

• Where Eastern US, Canada, Europe.
• Deciduous and coniferous trees.
• Cold winters, warm summers.
• Deer, bobcats, squirrels, racoons, skunks.

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Rainforest

• Where S. and C. America, Africa, India
• Hot, humid year round.
• Broad evergreens, ferns, vines.
• Sloths, jaguars, parrots, butterflies, piranhas.

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Taiga

• boreal forests
• Where N. America like Alaska, Asia, Europe
  (mostly n. hemisphere)
• Dense coniferous trees
• Lynx, timberwolves, moose

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Desert

• Where Middle East, US, Mexico, Australia.
• lt25 cm rainfall per year
• Cacti and succulents
• Snakes, scorpions, bobcats, antelope, kangaroo
  rats, spiders.

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Tundra

• Where Northern N. America, Asia, Europe
• Strong winds, low precip, permafrost, cold temps,
  poor soil.
• Snowy owl, caribou, small rodents

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Ecological Succession

• A series of predictable changes over a period of
  time until a climax community is reached.
• There are 2 types
• Primary
• Secondary

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Primary Succession

• A community develops on a surface where no
  ecosystem has existed before. (bare rock, sand
  dune, an island from a volcanic eruption)

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Secondary Succession

• A replacement of a species that follows a
  disruption of an ecosystem.
• Disruption may be from a forest fire, a strong
  storm or human activities.
• Both types of succession must have a pioneer
  species. (small, fast-growing)

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Climax community

• A community that remains fairly constant in
  species composition if the land and climate are
  undisturbed.
• These are the communities that "define" the
  various biomes.