Water and Energy

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Water and Energy

• Michael Dimitriou
• Water Innovations LLC
• CEE Boston
• May 14, 2007

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Energy and Water

• They are interlinked and their relationship will
  grow as water sources shrink and energy costs
  increase

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(No Transcript)
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Actual Withdrawals
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Environment Water Use Trends by Category,
1950-2000
Adapted from USGS, March 2004
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Challenges for water and energy

• In the 21st Century, Global forces are changing
  how
• we will treat and transport and deliver
  safe water
• Pressures of Human Population Growth and Shift
• Poorer Source Water quality
• Climate Change
• Developing Economies
• Affordable and Sustainable Energy Sources
• Need for Sustainable Infrastructure
• And it will get worse as we
  increase our use of Biofuelswith todays
  production technology it will require 3-5 times
  the amount of water presently consumed in the US
  to provide Biofuels to replace fossil fuels

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And the forces will be Global Human Population
growth and shift - Poorer water sources -
Climate Change - Developing Economies - Energy
Needs - Sustainable Infrastructure - Public
Awareness
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AND IT ONLY GETS WORSE OVER TIME
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EPA Defined At risk water sources
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In North America there is a serious lack of new
water sources we have now reached the 99 level
for all easily accessible water
sources. Largest new water source is a huge
aquifer . But it is brackish
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Water Research Drivers and Direction

• Reduce cost and simplify
• Provide a Positive Physical Barrier
• Reduce Energy or use non traditional energy
  sources
• Eliminate hands on operators, automate with new
  Sensor and Control
• Eliminate Chemicals or other additives
• Recyclable and renewable No byproducts no
  sludge, concentrate or carryover residuals in
  finished water
• Localized and Packaged Treatment - fewer pipes
  more POU and POE
• Sustainable- reuse, recycle, reduce

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• Energy
• Energy management systems
• Advanced low energy diffusion
• Power saving pumps
• Advanced fine bubble diffusers
• Anaerobic Energy Cell
• Thermal/membrane desalination
• Energy reovoery pumps
• Bio Treatment
• Anaerobic treatment of municipal waste
• Biofilters with new high density medias
• Advanced Anaerobic municipal and industrial
  processes
• Advanced fixed film materials
• Sludge reducing Bio processes
• Combined Multi Stage Process
• New Aerobic/Anoxic systems to decrease sludge
• Two Stage Biofiltration
• Algae based municpial water treatment

• POU and POE
• Stand alone treatment
• Total whole house recycle
• Solids/liquid separation and treatment
• Security
• Real time monitoring and classifying contaminants
• Distribution system/ monitoring
• Physical treatment Membranes, Membranes and More
  Membranes
• Carbon ceramic membranes
• Longer life, less fouling
• Contaminant specific Filtration
• Low cost membranes
• Throwaway membranes
• Non Biological WWT
• Eliminate Infrastructure

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Water from seawater and brackish waters is a key
future resource.
as more and more of the Global population moves
near Brackish and sea water sources. A
substantial portion of new Water technology
development Centers on desalination
and Membrane filtration with goal of cutting
energy and cap costs 50-80.
First of its kind in South Korea Plate based
capacitance Ion shift membrane Desalination
Pilot Operating at 100psi Desalts at 30 energy
cost of conventional RO .
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• And its also fueled new uses and applications
• Leading to New Uses for Water Wastewater
  Byproducts and Treatment especially when it
  comes to Green technologies and energy
• Green Fuels
• a process that uses algae and municipal aerobic
  processes to strip CO2 from flue gases
• Alternative Energy
• a Canadian project to use bio sludge to power
  steam generators for Central heating systems
• Janoush Compost recovery
• Japanese/Chinese project to bring back on site
  composting of human waste which is collected and
  used as fertilizer and fuel.
• Halopure
• a US biotechnology company has developed a
  bromide based POU disinfectant. First large scale
  manufacturing begins in India in 2008.

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Top Ten Strategic risk Trends for Water
Utilities AWWARF Strategic Assessment
1. Population
6. Increasing Risk
2. Political environment
7. Finance
3. Regulations
8. Workforce
4. Total Water Management
9. Energy
5. Technology
10. Customers
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Energy and Water Utility Trends

• Develop an Energy Plan for each Utility
• 2. Implement Aggressive Energy Conservation
  Measures
• 3. Develop Backup Energy Capabilities
• 4. Energy Cost Increase Pass thru to Consumers

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In existing Water Systems
Energy Represents a Substantial Operating Cost
to Most Water Utilities
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30
Budget
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20
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Average 11
Total Energy Cost as of
10
5
0
Utility
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Even higher for Wastewater Treatment
Municipal Wastewater treatment Plant sees
40-55 of budget dedicated to Energy
Industrial Wastewater plants can see up to
70 of their operating budgets spent on energy

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Today Real-Time Energy Optimization and
Its long term impact
EWQMSEnergy Water Quality Management System
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Recommendations for an Effective Energy
Management Program

• Factor Water Quality Water Supply into an
  Energy Optimization Program
• Like Most Initiatives, Successful Energy
  Management Depends on Good People
• Energy Management is a Cultural Thing
• Significant Quick Wins Can Be Achieved with Minor
  Organizational Change and New Business Practices
• Consider Supply and Demand in Your Energy
  Management Program

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Recommendations for an Effective Energy
Management Program

• In Many Cases, Largest Savings Come Through
  Real-Time Optimization Using SCADA
• Diligence in Operations is Required for
  Continuous Improvement in Energy Management
• Energy Management is a Continuous Operational
  Process
• Setting Tracking Goals is Key to Successful
  Energy Management
• Reliability of Supply is a Significant Factor in
  Energy Management

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JEA Provides Water Services toMore Than 290,000
Accounts
?N

• 100 groundwater withdrawal, 136 Wells
• 37 Water Plants
• 2 Re-pump Storage Facilities
• 2 Major Grids
• 4 County Service Area

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Operations Optimization System Uses Data From
Multiple Sources
Weather data
Administrative Tools
VB Client
Weather Proxy (JAVA)
OSCAR Forecaster, Scheduler
OPC Bridge
G2 Server(Win 2000)
SCADA Server(Win 2000)
ODBC Bridge
PI Bridge
Oracle Bridge
SQL Server
PI Historian Plant data, flow history, weather
data
Plant data, constraints, forecasts, schedules,
etc.
ORACLE
Plant Calculated Data
PI Server(Win 2000)
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Energy Management

• Controlling Well Fields Based on Real-Time Price
  Signal From Electric

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Reservoir Storage is Used to Optimize Well
Pumping
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Constraint-Based Optimization Reduces Pump Starts
Well Field Flow (MGD)August 2002
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San Diego Water System Facts

• Serves a population of 1.2 million people
• Encompasses 403 Square Miles
• Avg. Daily Consumption is 200 MGD
• Nine Raw Water Lakes
• Three Water Treatment Plants
• 3,000 Miles of Pipelines
• 27 Distribution Reservoirs/Standpipes
• 50 Pump Stations
• 110 Pressure Zones
• 8 Treated Water Connections to San Diego County
  Water Authority

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Energy Facts

• City of San Diego used 42 Million KWH in 2005 for
  treatment
• 5.5 Million in electricity
• 100,000 for gas
• 467,000 per month fuel

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Where Does Energy Go?

• PUMP STATIONS 80
• FILTRATION PLANTS 12
• BUILDINGS
• LAB Buildings 7
• MISC
• LAKES, CATHOTIC PROTECTION, ETC 1

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Process Model That Defines the Organizational
Processes

• Develop and Account for Energy Costs
• Forecast Water Demand
• Optimize Water Supply
• Develop Water Treatment Plant Schedule

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Prepare Process Model That Defines the
Organizational Processes

• Operate Pumps and Valves to Minimize Energy Costs
  Use
• Develop the System Operating Plan
• Measure System Performance, Respond to Events and
  Update the Plan

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So whats it all meanComplete Water
ManagementCentralized real time monitoring and
control of water from source to treatment, to
distribution to collection to treatment to reuse
or discharge or blending
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Bottled Water Sales Reached 6 Billion Gallons in
2003, and in May outsold milk in the US
Adapted from Beverage Marketing Corporation
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Consumer Water Use Behavior Trends
Percent of Americans Who Use Drinking Water
Treatment or Filtering Devices
50
41
38
37
40
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30
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10
0
1995 WQA
1997 WQA
1998 Roper
1999 WQA
2001 WQA
2003 Gallup
Adapted from Gallup Survey, 2003