THE

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LESSON XII

• THE
• LOONS

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I. Background knowledge

• Author Margaret Laurence, one of the major
  contemporary Canadian writers, was born in 1926
  and died of lung cancer in 1987. She was educated
  in Manitoba, a province in south central Canada.
  After marrying an engineer, she moved with her
  husband to Africa and lived there for a number of
  years.

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I. Background knowledge

• About the Novel THE LOONS is included in the 2nd
  section of her Norton Anthology (collection) of
  Short Fiction. Margaret Laurence wrote 5 separate
  short stories about this community. The Tonnerre
  family is one of the central families.

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I. Background knowledge

• The touching story tells of the plight of
  Piquette Tonnerre, a girl from a native Indian
  Family. Her people were marginalized by the
  white-dominating society. They were unable to
  exist independently in a respectable, decent and
  dignified way. They found it impossible to fit
  into the main currents of culture and difficult
  to be assimilated comfortably.

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I. Background knowledge

• At school, Piquette felt out of place and ill at
  ease with the white children. When she had grown
  up she didn't have any chance to improve her
  life. In fact her situation became more and more
  messed up. In the end she was killed in a fire.

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I. Background knowledge

• Her death is like the disappearance of the loons
  on Diamond Lake. Just as the narrator's father
  had predicted, the loons would go away when more
  cottages were built at the lake with more people
  moving in. The loons disappeared as nature was
  ruined by civilization. In a similar way,
  Piquette and her people failed to find their
  position in modern society.

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I. Background knowledge

• 2. The comprehension and perception of the title
• loon any of several large fish-eating diving
  birds of the northern part of the northern
  hemisphere that have the legs placed far back
  under the body and as a result have a clumsy
  floundering gait on land

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I. Background knowledge

• loon distinctive Canadian bird, the bird of the
  lakes
• Several years ago, the Canadian government
  collected all the one-dollar paper notes and
  issued a one-dollar coin with a loon engraved on
  it. So, one dollar is slangily called a loony.

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I. Background knowledge

• loony (from lunatic)(person who is) crazy or
  eccentric lunatic
• He does have some pretty loony ideas.
• From the above coincidence, one can easily
  perceive the underlying reason why the author
  chooses such a title for her novel.

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II. Detailed Study

• 1. pebble small stone made smooth and round by
  the action of water, eg. in a stream or on the
  seashore
• 2. scrub underdeveloped trees or shrubs
• oak ??, ??
• scrub oak short, stunted (short,
  not-fully-grown) oak tree

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II. Detailed Study

• cf
• bush (large) low growing plant with several or
  many woody stems coming out from the root
• tree with a single trunk
• shrub (small) plant with woody stem, lower than
  a tree, usu. with several separate stems from
  the root

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II. Detailed Study

• 3. chokecherry North American wild cherry tree
• 4. thicket a thick growth of shrubs, underbrush
  or small trees
• 5. clearing open space from which trees have
  been cleared in a forest
• 6. shack a small roughly built house, hut

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II. Detailed Study

• 7. dwelling (fml) place of residence, house,
  flat, etc.
• Welcome to my humble dwelling.
• dwelling-house (esp. law) house used as a
  residence, not as a place of work
• 8. cabin small hut or shelter, usu made of wood
  ?
• cabin class second highest standard of
  accommodation on a ship ???

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II. Detailed Study

• 9. poplar ??
• 10. chink close the narrow openings with,
  plaster
• 11. Batoche???, a village at the centre of
  Saskatchewan Province, Canada. The battle ground
  where the Canadian militia beat the rebellious
  army in 1885. Its been established as the
  National Park of History now.

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II. Detailed Study

• 12. Métis meitis half-breed, one of mixed
  blood, esp. (often cap.) half breed
  ???,???????????????,????
• 13. chaos complete disorder or confusion
• The burglars left the house in (a state of)
  chaos.
• The wintry weather has caused chaos on the roads.
  ?

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II. Detailed Study

• chaotic in a state of chaos completely
  disorganized
• With no one to keep order, the situation in the
  classroom was chaotic.

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II. Detailed Study

• 14. lean-to small building or shed with its roof
  resting against the side of a larger building,
  wall or fence
• They keep hens in a lean-to at the end of the
  garden.
• a lean-to greenhouse

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II. Detailed Study

• 15. warp cause sth to become bent or twisted
  from the usual or natural shape, esp because of
  uneven shrinkage or expansion
• The damp wood began to warp.
• The hot sun had warped the cover of the book.

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II. Detailed Study

• 16. lumber (esp Brit) unwanted pieces of
  furniture, etc. that are stored away or take up
  space
• (esp US) timber
• 17. coop cage for small creature
• 18. tangle (cause sth to) become twisted into a
  confused mass
• Her hair got all tangled up in the barbed wire
  fence.

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II. Detailed Study

• 19. strand a single piece or thread
• Many strands are twisted together to form a rope.
• 20. barb the sharp point of a fish hook, arrow,
  etc, with a curved shape which prevents it from
  being easily pulled out

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II. Detailed Study

• 21. rust the reddish brown surface that forms on
  iron when attacked by water and air
• rusty covered with rust
• 22. Patois ?????????? a dialect other than the
  standard illiterate or provincial speech, jargon
  ?????

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II. Detailed Study

• 23. broken (of a foreign language) spoken
  imperfectly not fluent
• speak in broken English
• (of land) having an uneven surface rough
• an area of broken, rocky ground ?

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II. Detailed Study

• (of a person) weakened and exhausted by illness
  or misfortune
• He was broken-hearted when his wife died.
• broken home family in which the parents have
  divorced or separated
• He comes from a broken home. ?

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II. Detailed Study

• 24. obscene (of words, thoughts, books,
  pictures, etc) indecent, esp sexually disgusting
  and offensive likely to corrupt
• obscenity offensive, repulsive remarks, cursing,
  vulgarity
• laws against obscenity on the television
• four letter words fuck, shit, bull shit

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II. Detailed Study

• 25. belong to be suitable or advantageous, be in
  the right place
• I don't belong in a place like this.
• He doesn't belong in the beginner's class.
• I refuse to go abroad I belong here.

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II. Detailed Study

• 26. Cree one of the Indian tribes in Canada
• 27. reservation a piece of land set apart for N.
  American Indians
• cf resort (a) popular holiday centre
• seaside, skiing, health, etc resorts
• Beidaihe is a leading north coast resort.
• (b) (US) hotel or guest-house for holiday-makers

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II. Detailed Study

• 28. neither fish, flesh nor good red herring /
  neither flesh, fowl, nor good salt herring
• difficult to identify or classify vague
  ambiguous

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II. Detailed Study

• fowl a. domestic cock or hen
• We keep a few fowls and some goats.
• b. flesh of certain types of birds, eaten for
  food
• We had fish for the first course, followed by
  roast fowl and fresh vegetables.
• c. any bird the fowls of the air
• waterfowl / barnyard fowl / wildfowl

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II. Detailed Study

• herring Atlantic fish, usu swimming in very
  large shoals (??), used for food ??
• 29. odd not regular, occasional, casual,
  occasional, random
• Life would be very dull without the odd adventure
  now and then.
• 30. section hands / gang a group of workmen
  keeping one section of a railway line repaired

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II. Detailed Study

• 31. relief aid in the form of goods, coupon or
  money given, as by a government agency, to
  persons unable to support themselves
• on relief receiving government aid because of
  poverty, unemployment, etc.
• a relief teacher

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II. Detailed Study

• 32. with a face that seemed totally unfamiliar
  with laughter, would knock at the doors of the
  towns brick houses
• This suggests that the Tonnerres lived a very
  miserable life. They had never experienced
  happiness in their whole life. The brick houses
  indicates the wealthy peoples home.

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II. Detailed Study

• 33. lard pig fat made pure by melting, used in
  cookery
• 34. pail a usu. round open vessel of metal or
  wood, with handles, used for carrying liquids,
  bucket
• 35. bruise injury caused by a blow to the body
  or to a fruit, discolouring the skin but not
  breaking it
• He was covered in bruises after falling off his
  bicycle.

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II. Detailed Study

• 36. quarter 25 cents
• dime 10 cents
• buck 1 dollar, loon, loony
• yard 100 / 1000 dollars
• 37. brawl noisy quarrel or fight
• a drunken brawl in a bar

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II. Detailed Study

• 38. howl long loud wailing cry of a dog, wolf,
  etc , loud cry of a person expressing pain,
  scorn, amusement, etc
• let out a howl of laughter, agony, rage
• howl v.
• wolves howling in the forest
• to howl in agony
• syn bawl, moan, scream, wail, sob 

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II. Detailed Study

• 39. Mountie member of the Royal Canadian Mounted
  Police
• mount sb (on sth) get onto or put (sb) onto a
  horse, etc for riding provide (sb) with a horse
  for riding
• He quickly mounted (his horse) and rode away.
• He mounted the boy on the horse.
• The policemen were mounted on (ie rode) black
  horses.

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II. Detailed Study

• 40. cell a small room in a prison
• 41. sporadic happening or seen only occasionally
  or in a few places occurring irregularly
• sporadic showers
• sporadic raids, gunfire, fighting
• syn irregular, infrequent, intermittent
  occasional

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II. Detailed Study 

• 42. negligible too slight or unimportant to be
  worth any attention, of little importance or
  size not worth considering
• a negligible amount, error, effect
• This years deficit in foreign trade is
  negligible.

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II. Detailed Study

• 'negligent not taking or showing enough care,
  careless
• He has been negligent in not locking the doors as
  he was told to.
• She was negligent in her work.
• He was negligent of his duty.

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II. Detailed Study

• 43. She existed for me only as a vaguely
  embarrassing presence.
• As far as I am concerned, her presence would only
  make other people feel ill at ease /
  uncomfortable.
• 44. hoarse sounding or growling rough and harsh
• He shouted himself hoarse.

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II. Detailed Study

• 45. limp walk unevenly, as when one foot or leg
  is hurt or stiff
• That dog must be hurt he's limping.
• The injured footballer limped slowly off the
  field.
• cf shuffle walk without lifting the feet
  completely clear of the ground
• The prisoners shuffled along the corridor and
  into their cells.

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II. Detailed Study

• totter walk or move unsteadily
• hobble walk with difficulty because the feet or
  legs hurt
• stagger walk or move unsteadily as if about to
  fall (from carrying sth. heavy, being weak or
  drunk,etc)
• stumble strike ones foot against sth. and
  almost fall
• flop move or fall clumsily

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II. Detailed Study

• 46. grimy dirty, messy, filthy
• grime dirt, esp. in a layer on a surface
• 47. peculiar odd or strange, eccentric, strange
  in a troubling or displeasing way
• a peculiar taste, smell, noise, etc
• a peculiar feeling that one has been here before.
• My keys have disappeared it's most peculiar!
• He's a bit peculiar!

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II. Detailed Study

• 48. flare burn brightly but briefly or
  unsteadily
• The match flared in the darkness.
• flare up burn suddenly more intensely
• The fire flared up as I put more logs on it.
• reach a more violent state, suddenly become angry
• Robbery has flared up again.

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II. Detailed Study

• He flares up at the slightest provocation.
• (of an illness) recur, happen again
• My back trouble has flared up again.
• 49. It's under control all right
• all right(infml) certainly beyond doubt
  expressing absolute certainty
• That's the man I saw in the car all right.

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II. Detailed Study

• 50. the dickens (infml euph) (used to give
  emphasis, esp in questions) the Devil Who / what
  / where the dickens is that? We had the dickens
  of a job finding the place.
• 51. take off go away, depart
• I grabbed my hat and took off for the Town Hall.

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II. Detailed Study

• 52. back ago, into the past
• some few years back
• far back in the Middle ages
• 53. contagious (of a disease) that can be spread
  by touch, infectious
• 54. distress pain, agony, misery

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II. Detailed Study

• 55. bet
• I'll bet you 5 that they'll win the next
  election.
• He bet me that I couldn't do it.
• I bet it rains / will rain tomorrow.
• You bet certainly
• Will you tell her? You bet.

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II. Detailed Study

• 56. for Peters sake for God's / goodness' /
  Heaven's / goshs / pity's, etc. sake
• used as an interjection before or after a command
  or request, or to express irritation
• For God's sake, stop that whining!
• For goodness' sake! How can you be so stupid?

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II. Detailed Study

• 57. cross rather angry
• I was cross with him for being late.
• What are you so cross about?
• She gave me a cross look.
• crossly madly, angrily, irritably

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II. Detailed Study

• 58. matron woman in charge of the nurses in a
  hospital (now called a senior nursing officer)
• 59. rigid stiff not bending or yielding
  strict firm unchanging
• Her face was rigid with terror.
• He is a man of very rigid principles
• practise rigid economy ????

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II. Detailed Study

• 60. cameo 'k?mi?? (????) a piece of women's
  ornamental jewellery consisting of a raised shape
  or figure on the background of a small fine flat
  stone of a different colour
• 61. mauve m?v (of) a pale purple colour
• vein(??)
• artery(??)
• blood ca?pillary(????)

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II. Detailed Study

• 62. stifle hold back, suppress, restrain,
  inhibit, make unable to breathe
• The children were stifled (killed) by the smoke.
• I am stifling in this close room.
• She was getting sleepy and tried to stifle a
  yawn.
• cf suffocate to die as a result of not being to
  breathe 

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II. Detailed Study

• 63. at that additionally, besides, as well
• It's an idea, and a good one at that.
• I made a mistake, and a very bad mistake at that.
• at that perhaps
• She suggested we should bring the car, and it's
  not a bad idea at that.

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II. Detailed Study

• 64. muse reflect, ponder
• Ogilvie's voice took on a musing note.
• 65. roadway
• 1. the part of a road that is used by traffic
• 2. the strip of land over which a road passes.

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II. Detailed Study

• 66. Bide-a-Wee tolerate a little, stay with us a
  little while
• Bide stay
• Wee a little
• Boonie Doon
• boonie love, beautiful
• My Boonie lies over the Ocean
• Bonny attractive, fair, excellent, fine
• A bonnie ship ?????

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II. Detailed Study

• 67. bear show (sth) carry visibly display
• The document bore his signature.
• The ring bears an inscription.
• 68. austere without ornament, plain
• an austere style of painting
• She dressed austerely rather than smartly.

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II. Detailed Study

• 69. filigree ornamental lace-like work of gold,
  silver or copper ware, delicate ornamental wire
  work ??????????
• silver filigree jewellery ????
• 70. fern ????
• 71. raspberry???,??

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II. Detailed Study

• 72. moss very small green or yellow flowerless
  plant growing in thick masses on damp surfaces or
  trees or stones
• moss-covered rocks, walls
• 73. fragrant aromatic, perfumed, having a sweet
  or pleasant smell (esp. of flowers)
• cf flagrant

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II. Detailed Study

• 74. miniature very small detailed painting, usu.
  of a person
• miniature dogs
• miniature bottles of brandy, etc.
• a miniature railway, ie a small model one on
  which people may ride for short distances
• She is just like her mother in miniature.

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II. Detailed Study

• 75. scarlet bright red
• She blushed scarlet when I spat forth the
  obscenities.
• scarlet fever infectious / contagious disease
  causing scarlet marks on the skin
• scarlet woman (dated derog) immoral woman
  prostitute

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II. Detailed Study

• 76. lantern light for use outdoors in a
  transparent case that protects it from the wind,
  etc.
• 77. moose a type of large deer, with very large
  flat horns, that lives in the northern parts of
  America (and in some northern countries of
  Europe, where it is called an elk) (??) 

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II. Detailed Study

• 78. antler either of the pair of branched horns
  of a male deer
• 79. bleach whiten
• 80. fissure long deep crack in rock or earth

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II. Detailed Study

• 81. otherwise in other or different respects
  apart from that
• The rent is high, (but) otherwise the house is
  fine.
• Daddy still has a bit of his cold, but otherwise
  all are well.
• He has a brandy nose, but is otherwise a handsome
  fellow.

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II. Detailed Study

• 82. cone fruit of certain evergreen trees, such
  as fir, pine and cedar
• a solid object with a round base and a point at
  the top
• a hollow or solid object shaped like this
• Many children would rather eat ice cream from
  cones than from dishes.

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II. Detailed Study

• 83. meticulous giving or showing great precision
  and care very attentive to detail
• a meticulous worker, researcher, etc.
• meticulous painting and free sketch painting ?? /
  ???
• 84. tote (infml) carry
• to tote a gun

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II. Detailed Study

• 85. winter spend the winter
• It became fashionable for the rich to winter in
  the sun.
• birds wintering in the south
• 86. fell to cut down (a tree)

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II. Detailed Study

• 87. lame unable to walk normally because of an
  injury or defect
• 88. scuff scrape, to make a rough mark or marks,
  with ones shoes, on the smooth surface of
  furniture, or floor, etc
• The floor was badly scuffed up where they had
  been dancing.

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II. Detailed Study

• 89. coarse not fine, rough or loose in texture,
  vulgar, crude, harsh a coarse complexion / skin
  coarse manners, laughter, tastes, etc

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II. Detailed Study

• 90. stamp put (one's foot) down heavily on (the
  ground, etc) walk with loud heavy steps
• stamping the ground to keep warm
• She stamped the soil flat round the plant.
• Don't stamp, you'll wake everyone up.

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II. Detailed Study

• 91. bizarre strange in appearance or effect
  grotesque eccentric
• 92. Unlikely it may seem although it may seem
  not likely to happen,
• It is unlikely to rain.
• His condition is unlikely to improve.
• In the unlikely event of a strike, production
  would be badly affected.

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II. Detailed Study

• asas (introduces adverbial clause of
  comparison)
• You know as much as I do.
• Sometimes the subject of the subordinate clause
  can be omitted
• He said the situation there was not as bad as had
  been reported.
• The 2 houses were as clean as could be.

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II. Detailed Study

• 93. spring from arise or come from
• He is sprung from (springs from) royal blood of
  royal ancestry
• If you ask someone where they have sprung from
  you are asking them where they have come from in
  a rather surprised way, because they have
  appeared unexpectedly.

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II. Detailed Study

• 94. Tecumseh, 1768-1813, chief of the Shawnee
  Indians born in Ohio. A noted military leader,
  he planned a confederacy of tribes to resist U.S.
  encroachment, but the defeat of his brother, the
  Shawnee Prophet in 1811 ended the Indian military
  movement. Tecumseh then fought alongside the
  British against the Americans in the War of 1812.
  He died in the battle of the Thames.

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II. Detailed Study

• 95. Iroquois(????) an American Indian
  confederacy of New York
• 96. Brebeuf, Jean de, Saint, 1593-1649, French
  Roman Catholic missionary. One of the Jesuit
  Martyrs of North America. A missionary to the
  Huron Indians, Brebeuf with his colleague Gabriel
  Lalemant was killed by the Iroquois. ?????,
  ????????????

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II. Detailed Study

• 97. Emily Pauline Johnson, 1862-1913, Canadian
  Indian. Daughter of an Indian tribe chief and a
  British woman. Her poems sang high praise of the
  Indian tradition and were very popular at her
  time. She traveled around Canada, America and
  Britain, giving recitals in deer skin robes,
  which won enormous fame for her.

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II. Detailed Study

• 98. exalt elevate, exhilarate
• 99. prophetess female prophet
• prophet a man who tells, or claims to be able to
  tell the nature or course of future events. A
  person who spoke for God and who communicated
  Gods message courageously to Gods Chosen
  People. Elisha, Abraham, Moses, David, Nathan,
  Solomon, etc. are prophets.

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II. Detailed Study

• 100. impart give, pass on (a secret, news, etc
  to sb.)
• A teacher's aim is to impart knowledge.
• The Prime Minister imparted the news at the
  conference.

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II. Detailed Study

• 101. coyote small wolf of the plains of western
  N America
• 102. She undoubtedly knew whatever it was that
  it said in Hiawatha.
• It said this/ that/whatever in Hiawatha.
• It was whatever that it said in Hiawatha.
• She knew whatever it was that it said in
  Hiawatha. 

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II. Detailed Study

• 103. squash flatten, crush
• 104. sullen silently showing dislike, silently
  bad-tempered, unforgiving, dark, gloomy
  (Blackmail)
• look sullen, to wear a sullen look
• Shut up, D said. Sullenly, Ogilvie complied. 

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II. Detailed Study

• 105. lore knowledge or wisdom, esp. of an
  unscientific kind, about a certain subject or
  possessed by a certain group of peoplebird lore,
  a countryman's weather lore

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II. Detailed Study

• 106. reed tall hollow stem of any of various
  types of grass-like plants growing near water
• cfreef ridge of rock, shingle, sand, etc at or
  near the surface of the seaa coral reef

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II. Detailed Study

• 107. nut(sl derog)(a) (Brit also nutter)
  foolish, eccentric or mad person
• He drives like a nut he'll kill himself one day.
• b) (preceded by a n) person very interested in
  sth fanatica movie / fitness / health / soccer
  nut

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II. Detailed Study

• 108. dogged (apprec.) determined not giving up
  easily
• a dogged defence of the city
• Although he's less talented, he won by sheer
  dogged persistence.

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II. Detailed Study

• 109. perseverance continual steady effort made
  to fulfil some aim, persistence
• 110. rebuff rejection
• Mark Twain flirted with the colossal wealth
  available to the lucky and the persistent, and
  was rebuffed.

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II. Detailed Study

• 111. give used in the idiom sb.
  doesn't/couldn't give a damn, a hoot(cry of an
  owl), etc (about sb/sth) (infml) sb does not
  care at all (about sb/sth)
• He couldn't give a damn whether he passes the
  exam or not.
• Cf Blackmail
• Like letting me know what gives and where

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II. Detailed Study

• 112. dead loss If you say that someone or
  something is a dead loss, you mean that they do
  not work properly or successfully, an infml
  expression.
• This pen is a dead loss it just won't write
  properly.
• That goalkeeper is a dead loss.

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II. Detailed Study

• 113. scramble to move or climb quickly, esp.
  over a rough or steep surface
• I scrambled up the rock for a better look at the
  sea.
• 114. pier an ornamental bridge-like framework
  built out into the sea at which boats can stop to
  take in or land their passengers or goods

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II. Detailed Study

• 115. undergrowth (US underbrush) mass of shrubs,
  bushes, etc growing closely on the ground, esp
  under trees
• clear a path through the undergrowth
• 116. bracken a kind of fern, which grows in
  forests, on wasteland, and on the slopes of
  hills, and becomes a rich red-brown colour in
  autumn
• cf bush, scrub, shrub

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II. Detailed Study

• 117. streak a line or mark of a different colour
  or texture from the ground, long, thin usu.
  irregular line or band
• 118. amber hard clear yellowish-brown gum used
  for making ornaments or jewellery ??

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II. Detailed Study

• 119. flicker shine with an unsteady light,
  wave, tremble, to move backwards and forwards
  unsteadily
• The self-assurance of Ogilvie flickered for an
  instant.
• flickering eyelid
• shadows flicked on the wall
• The wind blew the flickering candle out.

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II. Detailed Study

• 120.phantom a shadowy likeness of a dead person
  that seems to appear on earth sth. which exists
  only in one's imagination ghostly image or
  figure ghost
• the phantom of his dead father
• Phantom(???) / Mirage(???)fighter plane.

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II. Detailed Study

• 121. ululate howl or wail
• the ululations of the mourning women
• 122. plaintive expressing suffering and a desire
  for pity, lamentable, mournful, forlorn
• The plaintive cries of the child locked in the
  cupboard.
• a plaintive old song

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II. Detailed Study

• 123. chill refrigerate, to cause to become cold,
  esp. without freezingchilled beer
• cf chilli

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II. Detailed Study

• 124. mock. make fun of (sb/sth), esp by mimicking
  him / it contemptuously ridicule defy (sb/sth)
  contemptuously
• a mocking smile, voice, laugh
• It is wrong to mock cripples.
• mockery ridicule, despising, open disrespect

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II. Detailed Study

• 125. aeon / eon i?n a period of time too
  long to be measured
• The earth was formed aeons ago.
• 126. chipmunk small striped squirrel-like N
  American animal???

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II. Detailed Study

• 127. strike If an idea or thought strikes you,
  it comes into your mind suddenly
• The next morning it struck me that there was no
  shower in the flat.
• If something strikes you in a particular way, it
  gives you a particular impression, usually a
  strong one.
• Betty strikes me as a very silly girl.
• How did London strike you?

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II. Detailed Study

• 128. birch a type of northern forest tree with
  smooth bark and thin branches ??
• 129. catch If you catch someone doing something,
  you find them doing what they should not be
  doing.
• He caught them in bed together.
• She caught him smoking at the toilet.

101
II. Detailed Study

• 130. squawk (esp. of some birds) to make a loud
  rough-sounding cry
• hens squawking at the sight of the cat
• 131. be ill at ease not comfortable because of
  lack of skill or understanding
• She was ill at ease as she had never been to such
  parties.
• I am terribly ill at ease with strangers.

102
II. Detailed Study

• 132. fail neglect or be unable (to do sth)
• He never fails to write (ie always writes) to his
  mother every week.
• She did not fail to keep (ie She did keep) her
  word.
• Your promises have failed to (ie did not)
  materialize.

103
II. Detailed Study

• 123. reproach blame, sth. that brings disgrace
  or discredit
• She remained as a reproach to me I blame myself,
  because I could not reach her.
• The corrupt cadres are a reproach to the Party.
• The slums are a reproach to our city.

104
II. Detailed Study

• 134. immerse to put deep under water
• I immersed myself in work so as to stop thinking
  about her.
• 135. jukebox coin-operated record player, about
  two times the size of a home refrigerator

105
II. Detailed Study

• 136. boom to make a deep hollow sound, roar
• 137. tune melody, esp a well-marked one
• tunefulhaving a pleasing tune melodious

106
II. Detailed Study

• 138. chrome (?) an alloy of chromium (?) with
  other metal (esp when used as a protective
  coating on other metals)
• Here something plated / coated / gilded with
  chromium, it refers to the shining edge of the
  jukebox, which was made of chrome.

107
II. Detailed Study

• 139. rainbow glass on top of the jukebox is the
  cabin for storing all the records, the front of
  which is a piece of glass of some fancy colour
  like rainbows
• 140. astound amaze, astonish, surprise
• We were astounded to read your letter.
• 141. stolid showing no excitement when strong
  feelings might be expected

108
II. Detailed Study

• 142. carmine deep purplish red colour
• scarlet bright red
• cardinal bright red
• crimson deep red
• florid (face) red
• 143. frizzle (of hair) to curl tightly, to set
  the hair in a mass of tight curls
• frizzy (of hair) very curly, like wool

109
II. Detailed Study

• 144. perm (also permanent wave, AmE. infml
  permanent) the putting of waves or curls into
  straight hair by chemical treatment so that they
  will last for several months
• 145. blunt Here not trying to be polite or
  tactful

110
II. Detailed Study

• 146. to advantage in a way that shows its good
  points or merits
• The picture is seen to better advantage from a
  distance.
• Hang the picture opposite the window so that it
  will show up to advantage.
• Her tight-fitting skirt and sweater in orange
  colour displayed a soft and slender body in an
  effect good enough to be envied.

111
II. Detailed Study

• 147. teeter to seesaw , to move up and down or
  to and fro, to move uncertainly or unsteadily
• The drunken man teetered on the edge of the
  pavement.
• She was teetering about in very high-heeled shoes.

112
II. Detailed Study

• 148. sore (of a part of the body) tender and
  painful, sensitive, hurting when touched
• a sore knee
• 149. jerkwater remote and unimportant, trivial

113
II. Detailed Study

• 150. stink to give a strong bad smell
• the stinking ninth category (in addition to
  landlords, rich peasants, counter
  revolutionaries, bad elements, Rightists,
  traitors, spies, and capitalist roaders)
• 151. confide to tell a secret, to tell sth.
  confidentially, reveal, disclose

114
II. Detailed Study

• 152. blur become unclear, obscure, dim that
  appears hazy and indistinct
• The town was just a blur on the horizon.
• Everything is a blur when I take my glasses off.
• Her eyes blurred with tears.

115
II. Detailed Study

• 153. repel to cause feeling of dislike, to drive
  back by or as if by force
• Let go at once! You repel me.
• Her untidy appearance repelled him.
• His filthy hair and grimy clothes repelled her.
• Bryan carried a palm-fan like a sword to repel
  his enemy.

116
II. Detailed Study

• 154. despise to regard as worthless, low, bad
  dislike very angrily
• I despise such people they've no character.
• He despises people who were lavish with their
  praises.
• cf mockery

117
II. Detailed Study

• 155. biddy a hired woman, esp. a cleaner, an
  eccentric woman
• 156. stockyard a yard in which cattle, sheep,
  swine or horses are kept temporarily for
  slaughter, market or shipping

118
II. Detailed Study

• 157. handle (sl) title have a handle to one's
  name, ie have a title, eg Sir' or Lord
• Churchill has a handle to his name --- Sir.
• some handle a special name
• Isn't that an impressive name?
• some considerable

119
II. Detailed Study

• 158. mere nothing more than
• the merest as small or unimportant as possible
• The merest little thing makes him nervous.
• 159. defiant showing defiance openly opposing
  or resisting sb/sth
• a defiant manner, look, speech

120
II. Detailed Study

• 160. momentary lasting for a very short time
• 161. swell stylish, socially prominent,
  excellent
• 162. perturb trouble, make anxious, agitate
• a perturbing rumour

121
II. Detailed Study

• 163. gauche socially awkward, clumsy, lacking
  social experience or grace
• 164. slattern an untidy slovenly woman, also
  slut, prostitute

122
II. Detailed Study

• 165. dressed any old how dressed in a very
  careless way
• anyhow without any regular order, in a careless
  manner
• You can arrange them anyhow.
• The well-groomed (taken good care of) woman
  can't wear her hair just anyhow.
• The books were lying on the shelves just/all
  anyhow.

123
II. Detailed Study

• He made notes anyhow across the page.
• Anyhow can be used as an adj. as well
• The room was all anyhow.
• old used as an intensive
• Any old thing will do.
• Come any old time.
• Were having a high old time (very good time).

124
II. Detailed Study

• 166. brew to prepare beer, etc. by soaking or
  boiling grain, leaves, etc.
• 167. attributes the accessories, modifiers,
  nowadays so called, in China, hardware what is
  needed for a resort to be considered flourishing
  objects recognized as symbols

125
II. Detailed Study

• 168. place of belonging place they belong to
• 169. Perhaps they had been unable to find such a
  place ...having ceased to care any longer whether
  they lived or not.

126
II. Detailed Study

• This obviously is an analogy (??), in which the
  loons are compared to Piquette, who had been
  unable to find a place to live, and had simply
  died out, having ceased to care any longer
  whether SHE lived or not.

127
III. Structural Analysis

• Part I. Paras. 1 - 2
• Introduction of the novel, when, where, who, etc.
  The general background.
• Part II. Paras. 3 4 (p. 218)
• The whole story
• Section 1. Paras. 3 (p.206) - 6 (p.208)
• Introducing Piquette.

128
I. II. Structural Analysis

• Section 2. Paras. 7 (p.208) 2 (p.214)
• Days together with Piquette at Diamond Lake
• Section 3. Paras. 3 (p. 214) 2 (p.217)
• Second meeting with Piquette several years later
• Section 4. Paras. 3 (p.217) 4 (p.218)
• Piquettes death

129
III. Structural Analysis

• Part III. Paras. 5(p. 218) end.
• Analogy

130
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• Hyperbole
• dresses that were always miles too long.
• those voices belonged to a world separated by
  aeons from our neat world

131
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• Exaggeration by using numerals
• 1. Thanks a million.
• 2. The middle eastern bazaar takes you back
  hundreds even thousands of years.
• 3. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia
  where the means of existence is wrung so hardly
  from the soil.

132
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• B. Exaggeration by using comparative and
  superlative degrees of adjectives
• 1. Sherlock Holmes is considered by many people
  as the greatest detective in fictional
  literature.
• 2. There was never a child who loved her father
  more than I do.

133
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• 3. I never saw a prettier sight.
• 4. You write ten times better than any man in the
  class.
• . Exaggeration by using extravagant adjectives
• 1. where goods of every conceivable kind are
  sold.

134
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• 2. The burnished copper containers catches the
  light of innumerable lamps and braziers.
• 3. The apprentices were incredibly young.

135
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• D. Exaggeration by using noun or verb phrases
• 1. It is a vast cavern of a room, so thick with
  the dust of centuries that the mud-brick walls
  and vaulted roof are only dimly visible.
• 2. I am already in debt again, and moving heaven
  and earth to save myself from exposure and
  destruction.

136
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• 3. The sister cried her eyes out at the loss of
  the necklace.
• 4. They beat him into all the colors of rainbow.
• 5. Her dress was always miles too long.
• 6. I was scared to death.

137
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• 7. I sat there for a while, frozen with horror.
• 8. She was so beautiful--- her beauty made the
  bright world dim.

138
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• Metaphor
• the filigree of the spruce trees
• daughter of the forest
• I tried another line
• A streak of amber

139
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• Personification
• The two grey squirrels were still there,
  gossiping
• The news that somehow had not found its way into
  letters.

140
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• Transferred epithet
• All around, the spruce trees grew tall and
  close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky
  which was lightened by a cold flickering of
  stars.
• I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the
  frightened tendency to look the other way.

141
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• My brother, Roderick, who had not been born when
  we were here last summer, sat on the car rug in
  the sunshine and examined a brown spruce core,
  meticulously turning it round and round in his
  small and curious hands.

142
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• Metonymy
• Those voices belonged to a world separated by
  aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and
  the lighted lamps of home. (our modern
  civilization)

143
IV. Rhetorical Devices

• Synecdoche
• the damn bones flared up again

144

• Thank You!
• The End

145
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