Resolving the Problems

1
Resolving the Problems

• Dealing with Conflicts on
• Natural Resource Issues

Dr. Martin Beutler Dr. James Johnson SDSU West
River Ag Center Rapid City, SD
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Resolving the Problems

• Do you ever have conflicts dealing with natural
  resource issues?

• Water
• Domestic livestock vs Wildlife
• Pollution
• Ownership and/or control

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Resolving the Problems
How do we deal with conflicts, potential and
realized?

• Ignore them
• Fight from afar write letters
• Butt heads
• Try to resolve face to face
• Litigate

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Resolving the Problems
What happens when everyone does not agree?

• People harbor bad feelings
• Rumors run rampant name calling
• Trust is destroyed
• Community is not built
• Potential for violence exists

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Resolving the Problems
What happens to the resource when conflicts
occur?

• Nothing gets done
• Resource may decline
• Resource may improve
• Opportunities may be lost
• Unless resolved the conflict does not go away!

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Resolving the Problems
What do you need to help resolve conflicts in
your area?

• An understanding of the issue
• Identity and personality of the persons involved
• Knowledge about how problems can be solved

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Resolving the Problems

• You cant manage resources sensibly in

CONFLICT LITIGATION or LEGISLATION
8
Getting Results From Public Involvement

• Another Meeting
• to do what,
• by when,
• with whom?

South Dakota Coordinated Resource Management
Technical Advisory Committee December 1999
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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Introduction

• Provides an introduction to the manual and
  discusses why it is important to involve the
  public in making decisions when they have an
  opinion.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Introduction

• If public has an opinion, best to include them.
• Too many issues never resolved or projects
  completed because of a lack of public support.
• Tools needed to help bring people and their ideas
  together.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
iii
How to Use this Manual

• Manual provides methods for analyzing the need
  for public participation and assessing the
  situation.
• Consider and Reconsider using a process. (lots
  of energy required)

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
iii
How to Use this Manual

• When using a process, evaluate the status often
  to determine
• Appropriate parties present?
• Tools selected are the most appropriate ones to
  use?
• Overall goals are being met?

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
v
Glossary of Terms

• Gives definitions to major words in the manual.
• Action Plan
• Advisory Group
• Agenda
• Audience Participation
• Etc

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Contents

• How to Use This Manual
• Glossary
• Chapter 1 What Process am I Going to Use?
• Chapter 2 What Should I Know About Meeting
  Management

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Contents

• Chapter 3 What Tools Will Be Most Effective
  During the Meeting?
• Chapter 4 When and How Should I Obtain
  Facilitation Assistance?
• Appendix
• For More Information
• Useful References
• Literature Used

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Chapter 1 What Process Am I Going To
Use?

• Overview
• Methods to analyze a situation and determine the
  most appropriate process.
• A menu of processes.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Ensuring Integrity of a Process
1-1

• Purpose of the process
• Good faith participation
• The parties must view it as in their interest to
  use the chosen process
• If a collaborative process is chosen, it should
  not be used as a charade for democracy
• Results how are they to be used

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Choosing a Process - Nine Recommendations
1-3

• An agency should undertake an assessment prior to
  decision which process to use.
• An Agencys choice of a process should reflect
  the purpose of the process.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Choosing a Process - Nine Recommendations
1- 4

• Sponsoring agency leaders should endorse and
  support the process.
• Stakeholder representation must be all-inclusive,
  balanced and fair.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Choosing a Process - Nine Recommendations
1- 4

• When applicable, the sponsoring agency should
  ensure the facilitators neutrality and
  accountability to all participants.
• Standards of Conduct must be mutually agreed upon
  by all participants, and not established solely
  by the sponsoring agency.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Choosing a Process - Nine Recommendations
1- 5

• Sponsoring agency should ensure resources are
  available to enable full participation and
  completion of the process.
• Where applicable, both the participants and
  agency should plan for eventual implementation of
  the agreement.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Choosing a Process - Nine Recommendations
1- 5

• Policies governing the process should not be
  overly prescriptive.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Problem Solving Model (steps)
1- 6

• Define the problem
• Establish what, where, why, when, who and how
  problems occurs
• Determine criteria for evaluating options
• Generate alternative options
• Evaluate alternative options

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Problem Solving Model (steps)
1- 7

• Select the best option in accordance with the
  criteria and interest of all parties.
• Develop an action plan
• Implement the action plan
• Evaluate outcomes
• Evaluate the process

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Process Matrix
1- 9
P U R P O S E
P R O C E S S
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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Open House
1-10
Purpose
An Open House is used to

• Provide factual information
• Allow two-way communications to obtain public
  viewpoints and perceptions

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Open House
1-10
Definition

• An informational process which usually extends
  over several evenings and/or part of a weekend.
  Agency personnel engage in one-on-one
  conversations with concerned and/or interested
  persons.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Focus Groups
1-12
Purpose
A Focus Group is used to

• Gather meaningful, qualitative information
• Determine what public has to say
• Create an environment of dialogue
• Focus participants efforts on issue

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Focus Group
1-12
Definition

• Group of individuals with exposure to a
  particular idea or issue are brought together by
  an organization or researcher to engage in
  free-flowing lateral communication. Participants
  talk to each other while a facilitator gathers
  basic information and records changes or new
  understandings.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Forums
1-15
Purpose
A Forum is a public meeting designed to

• Gather public input in an open, but monitored
  discussion
• Provide or gather factual info from public
• Brings out all views of interest groups
• Allows a group to hear anothers view
• Gives sponsors opportunity to hear all

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Forums
1-15
Definition

• Public meeting designed to hear differing points
  of view, air the issues, and gain a greater
  understanding of groups concerns and comments.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Advisory Groups
1-17
Purpose
Advisory Groups are designed to

• Gather factual information about a topic
• Gather public input regarding the topic
• Discuss issues that arise in attempting to reach
  an agreement on specific advice to be given to an
  agency
• Report the groups findings

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Advisory Groups
1-17
Definition

• Group of individuals representing the full range
  of opinions regarding a problem or proposed
  action brought together to collectively analyze a
  situation and advise the agency of their
  recommendations.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Negotiated Rulemaking
1-20
Purpose

• The purpose of Negotiated Rulemaking is to allow
  interested parties the opportunity to provide
  input into draft rules or regulations in an
  attempt to avoid opposition to the final proposed
  rule or regulation.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Negotiated Rulemaking
1-20
Definition

• Formal or informal process through which a
  regulatory agency seeks to negotiate potential
  rules with interested parties prior to
  development and formal proposal of the rules.
  The same process may be used for proposed
  regulations.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Coordinated Resource Management (CRM)
1-22
Purpose

• CRM is designed to help stakeholders reach
  consensus-based decisions regarding the
  utilization and/or management of natural
  resources.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
1-22
Coordinated Resource Management (CRM)
Definition

• Collaborative process which utilizes the direct
  involvement of interested stakeholders for
  planning, reaching management decisions, or
  resolving disputes about natural resources.

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Coordinated Resource Management

• A process for bringing people together to avoid
  conflicts in the use of natural resources

• Developed as a result of natural resource
  conflicts on public lands
• Uses local people to solve local problems

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Coordinated Resource Management

• Works through the principle that
• None of us know as much about something as all
  of us

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Coordinated Resource Management
CRM is

• Voluntary
• Non regulatory
• Can work through Cons. Districts
• Explores common ground through common interest
• Works through consensus

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Coordinated Resource Management

• A decision made through consensus benefits from
  the support of all involved everyone works for
  its success.

• A decision made by voting garners support from
  those who voted for it, while those who voted
  against it may lobby for its failure.

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Coordinated Resource Management
CRM is not

• Threatening to private property
• Mandatory
• Is not to be used as a leaver to achieve resource
  management
• Magic

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Coordinated Resource Management
Key Elements of CRM

• Consensus rather than voting. All will publicly
  support the decision of the group.
• Commitment to the CRM process and plans which are
  developed.
• Involvement of all interested parties.

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Coordinated Resource Management
Key Elements of CRM

• Needs not Positions are addressed. Needs can be
  met. Positions are solutions.
• Voluntary participation by all.
• Authority to speak for your group.

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Coordinated Resource Management
CRM takes time!

• Why is there never enough time to do things right
  but always enough time to do things over?

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Citizen Task Force
1-27
Purpose
The purpose of a Citizens Task Force is

• Consider all interests prior to final
  recommendations and implementation.
• Implement the steps necessary to complete the
  task(s).

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Citizen Task Force
1-27
Definition

• Group of selected citizens representing various
  interests that were invited by an agency or other
  organization to work on a clear defined task with
  sideboards defined by that agency or
  organization.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Mediation
1-29
Purpose

• Mediation allows parties in conflict to present
  facts, identify issues, and evaluate options in a
  controlled environment before a neutral party.
  The primary goal is to reach agreement that
  resolves the issues.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Mediation
1-29
Definition

• Confidential process by which parties who
  perceive there is a conflict present, discuss and
  explore practical alternatives with the aid of a
  neutral third party.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Process Matrix
1- 9
P U R P O S E
P R O C E S S
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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Chapter 2 What Should I Know
About Meeting Management?

• Overview
• Pre-meeting considerations.
• Planning the meeting.
• Conducting the meeting.
• After the meeting.

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
What Should I Know About Meeting Management?

• Critical Steps For A Better Meeting
• To Meet Or Not To Meet
• Pre-Meeting Planning
• Meeting Checklist
• Sample Public Service Announcement

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
What Should I Know About Meeting Management?

• Room Arrangement
• Agenda Planning
• Conducting the Meeting
• Group Memory
• Standards of Conduct
• Audience Participation

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
What Should I Know About Meeting Management?

• Problem Prevention and Intervention
• Action Planning
• Evaluations
• Group Report
• Sample Media Release

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Chapter 3 What Tools Will Be Most Effective
During the Meeting?

• Overview
• Tool to
• Establish group goals
• Exchange information
• Develop ideas
• Evaluate ideas
• Make decisions

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
What Tools Will Be Most Effective During the
Meeting?

• Tool Matrix
• Mission Statement Overview
• Information Sharing
• Listening/Learning Model
• Brainstorming
• Nominal Group Technique

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
What Tools Will Be Most Effective During the
Meeting?

• Storyboarding
• Ideawriting
• Criteria Development
• Options Evaluation Model
• Consensus
• Parliamentary Procedure 3- 40, 41

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Tools Matrix
3-2
O B J E C T I V E S
X Best Use of Tool O Can also be used
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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Chapter 4 When and How Should I Get
Facilitation Assistance?

• Overview
• What is facilitation?
• What are the roles of the facilitator?
• What is involved in selecting a facilitator

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
When and How Should I Get Facilitation
Assistance?

• Facilitation
• Role of the Facilitator
• Selecting a Facilitator
• Cofacilitation
• Contracting
• Sample Agreement for Facilitation Services

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Getting Results From Public Involvement
Appendix

• Lists sources of help on public involvement
  processes.
• Lists References Literature Used.

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Resolving the Problems

• You cant manage resources sensibly in

CONFLICT LITIGATION or LEGISLATION