Void agreements

1
Void agreements
2
Mistake

• Of Law Of Fact
• Of ordinary law of foreign law of pvt
  rights
• As to nature of contract as to persons
  contracted with as to subject matter

3
Mistake

• 1. Mistake when there is no consensus ad idem
  Raffles v Wichelhuas 1864
• 2. Mistake as to a matter of fact essential to
  the agreement
• sec. 20 Ayekam Angahal Singh v UOI Air 1970
• 3. Mistake of Law
• Lakshman Prasad and Sons v Achuthan Nair AIR 1955
  Mad 652
• 4. Mistake on subject matter
• Leaf v International Galleries 1950 1 All ER
  693
• 5. Mistake as to possibility of performance of
  the contract
• Sheikh Bros v Ochsner 1957 AC 136 ---- Griffith v
  Brymer (1903) 19 TLR 434
• 6. Mistake as to identity of parties
• Boulton v Jones 1857--- Said v Butt 1920

4
Mistake New developments

• Contract made inter praesentes
• Phillips v Brooks 1919
• Ingram v Little 1960 3 All ER 332
• Bell v Lever Bros Ltd. 1932 AC 161
• Plea of Non est factum
• Dularia Devi v Janardan Singh AIR 1990 SC 1173

5
Legality of object and Consideration

• 1. It is forbidden by law
• Universal Plast Ltd v Santosh Kumar AIR 1985
• 2. Defeat the provision of any law
• Ram Sewak v Ram AIR 1962 All 177 -Abdul Piojkhan
  Nabab v Hussenbi 1904
• 3. Injurious to person or property
• Gurmukh Singh v Amar Singh 1991 2 SCC 79
• 4. Agreement Injurious to public policy
• Sukha v Ninni AIR 1966 - Punnakotiah v Kallapalli
  Kolikamba AIR 1967 AP --- Mewa Ram v Ram Gopal
  ILR 1926
• 5. Immoral
• Pearce v Brooks 1866-- Bai Viji v Nansa Nagar
  1885 ----Narayani v Pyare Mohan AIR 1927
• 6. Agreement opposed to public policy Sec. 23
• Trading with an enemy
• Trafficking in public offices
• Interference with the administration of justice
• Marriage brokerage contracts Herman v
  Charlesworth 1905 2 KB 123

6
Void Agreements

• 1. Agreement in restraint of marriage sec. 26
• Rao Rani v Gulab Rani AIR 1942
• 2. Agreement in restraint of trade sec. 27
• Herbert Morris Ltd Saxelby 1916
• Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition
  Co 1894
• Gujarat Bottling Co v Coca Cola Company Air 1995
  SC 2372
• Exception to an agreement in restraint of trade
• 1. Sale of Good will
• 2. Exception under Indian Partnership Act
• 3. Restraint by a contract of service
  employment
• Niranjan Shankar v Century Spinning and
  Manufacturing Co AIR 1967
• 4. Trade combinations
• Sheikh Kalu v Ram Sharan Bhagat 1909 13 CNN 388
• 5. Agreement in restraint of legal proceedings
  sec. 28
• Ghose v Reliance Insurance Co 1934
• 6. Wagering Contracts

7
Quasi Contracts

• 1. Claim for necessaries supplied to a person
  incompetent to contract
• 2. Reimbursement of money paid due by another
• Exall v Patridge 1799
• 3. Obligation of person enjoying benefit of
  non-gratuitous act sec. 70
• Indu Mehta v State of UP AIR 1987 ALL 309
• 4. Enjoyment of benefit by the defendant is
  necessary
• P C Wadhwa v State of Punjab AIR 1987 PH 117
• 5. Finder of Lost goods sec. 71