C H A P T E R

1
C H A P T E R   1Introduction and Mathematical
Concepts

• Units Unit conversion, Dimensional Analysis
• Trigonometry
• Vectors

2
1.1 The Nature of Physics

• What is physics?

3
1.1 The Nature of Physics

• Physics is the study of the fundamental laws of
  nature.

4
1.1 The Nature of Physics

• Physics is the study of the fundamental laws of
  nature.
• Physics deals with the behavior and structure of
  matter.

5
1.1 The Nature of Physics

• Physics is the study of the fundamental laws of
  nature.
• Physics deals with the behavior and structure of
  matter.
• Physics is very fundamental and the most basic of
  the sciences.

6
1.1 The Nature of Physics

• Physics is the study of the fundamental laws of
  nature.
• Physics deals with the behavior and structure of
  matter.
• Physics is very fundamental and the most basic of
  the sciences.
• The beauty of physics is its capacity for
  predicting how nature will behave in one
  situation on the basis of experimental data
  obtained in another situation.

7
Sub-Fields of Physics

• Introductory physics is divided into the
  following
• sub-fields
• Mechanics
• Thermal physics
• Wave motion and sound
• Electricity and magnetism
• Light and optics
• Modern physics

8
Sub-Fields of Physics

• Introductory physics is divided into the
  following
• sub-fields
• Mechanics (Chapters 1-11)
• Thermal physics (Chapters 12-15)
• Wave motion and sound (Chapters 16-17)
• Electricity and magnetism (Chapters 18-24)
• Light and optics (Chapters 25-27)
• Modern physics (Chapters 28-32)

9
Units
SI stands for the French phrase "Le Systeme
International d'Unitus." CGS - centimeter (cm),
gram (g), and second. BE - British Engineering.
10
Units
SI stands for the French phrase "Le Systeme
International d'Unitus." CGS - centimeter (cm),
gram (g), and second. BE - British Engineering.
11
Units
SI stands for the French phrase "Le Systeme
International d'Unitus." CGS - centimeter (cm),
gram (g), and second. BE - British Engineering.
12
Units
SI stands for the French phrase "Le Systeme
International d'Unitus." CGS - centimeter (cm),
gram (g), and second. BE - British Engineering.
13
Units of length

• Early units of length were associated with the
  human body.

14
Units of length

• Early units of length were associated with the
  human body.
• The foot was originally defined to be the length
  of the royal foot of King Louis XIV.

15
Units of length

• Early units of length were associated with the
  human body.
• The foot was originally defined to be the length
  of the royal foot of King Louis XIV.
• These units are not reproducible.

16
Earlier Definition of meter
Metre (meter) originated from the Greek word
metron meaning measure.
17
Earlier Definition of meter
Metre (meter) originated from the Greek word
metron meaning measure. In 1793, the meter was
defined in terms of the distance measured along
the earth's surface between the north pole and
the equator.
18
Standard Meter Bar
In 1799, a platinum-iridium meter bar, was used
to define meter.
19
Standard Meter Today
Since 1983, meter is defined using the speed of
light, 299 792 458 m/s. The meter is the length
of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a
time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.
20
Standard Kilogram Today
The standard platinum-iridium kilogram is kept at
the International Bureau of Weights and Measures
in Sevres, France.
21
Units of time

• The Earth takes 24 hours to rotate once.
• Before 1956, the mean solar day was defined to be
  24x60x60 86,400 seconds.

22
Standard Second Today
A cesium atomic clock.
The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770
periods of the radiation corresponding to the
transition between the two hyperfine levels of
the ground state of the cesium 133 atom.
23
SI Base Units
24
Some SI Derived Units

• Area - m2
• Volume - m3
• Density - kg/m3

25
Conversion of Units
26
Dimensional Analysis

• In physics, the term dimension is used to refer
  to the physical nature of a quantity and the type
  of unit used to specify it.

Length- L, Mass-M, Time-T