America Claims an Empire

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America Claims an Empire

• America Goes Imperialistic
• Chapter 10

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America Pushes Outward

• 1Manifest Destiny- our right to expand we
  took over Indian territory sea to sea
• 2 Social Darwinism- whites were superior- we
  owed it to inferior peoples to help them
• 3Alfred Mahan- need strong navy to demonstrate
  power, get ahead economics
• 4Overproduced- need new markets, avoid
  unemployment, possible depression
• 5- Yellow Journalism Hearst vs Pulitzer

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Take Alaska and Hawaii

• Buy Alaska- Sewards IceBox/Folly from Russians
  for 7.2MM or 2 cents/acre-1867
• Hawaii-annexed 1898-haoles want better trade
  terms for sugar, build base at Pearl Harbor.
  W/help from Marines, overtake govt from Queen
  Liliuokalani-New govt by Sanford Dole. Annexed
  w/o consent of Hawaiians

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Strategic Assets to US
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Spanish American War

• A war for independence in Cuba turns into a war
  between US and Spain (who owned Cuba)
• Strategically located 90 miles from FLA
• Most sugar plantations owned by US
• Jose Marti-Cuban exile in NY-Cuba Libre
• Spanish Gen Weyler concentration camps to stop
  insurrection, control Cubans
• Sensational stories of the Butcher by yellow
  journalists fuels the sympathy for Cuba Libre
• DeLome letter scandal adds fuel

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Remember the Maine!
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War Begins- 2 Fronts Cuba and Philippines

• Attack Philippines first-all Navy
• Commodore George Dewey in place to attack
  Philippines-steamed into Manila Harbor
• Blew up all Spanish Fleet
• Landed with help of Filipino rebel Emilio
  Aguinaldo- captured islands by in 2 months

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Cuba Proved More Difficult

• Navy set up blockades around the island-prevented
  reinforcements from Spain
• US-volunteer army launched from Tampa Florida
• Rough Riders led by Theodore Roosevelt, Leonard
  Wood
• Buffalo Soldiers- African American troops
• Kettle Hill cleared way for San Juan hill
• US invades Puerto Rico next
• John Hay Sectry State Splendid Little War

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War Booty

• Already had Alaska and Hawaii
• Philippines-for 20 million-annexation-justifies
  to Christianize them-Rebels revolt-3 yrs for US
  to put down, 400 million
• Guam
• Cuba-military occupation-recognized independence,
  Platt Amendment added to Constitution, became a
  protectorate
• Puerto Rico-Foraker Act ended military rule, have
  US citizenship, no vote, today a commonwealth

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China . . . U.S. is Late to the Game

• US is late to the China party
• US issues open door policy -John Hay Secty
  State
• Resentment grows in China- escalates to Boxer
  Rebellion, multi-lateral troops to squash
  uprising
• New U.S. trade policy
• -1economy depends on exports,
• -2US has right to keep markets open,
• -3Closing area off to US a threat to survival

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TR and US Triumph

• TR- President due to assassination of McKinley,
  youngest at 42 in 1901
• 1906 Nobel Peace prize for negotiating between
  Russia and Japan a settlement
• Canal needed to shorten route both commercially
  and militarily between Atlantic and Pacific
• U.S. buys rights to land in Panama from French
• U.S. supports Panama revolution for independ from
  Colombia- gets permission from Panama to build,
  pays Colombia 25 million

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US Latin American Policy

• TR The Worlds Constable-issues Roosevelt
  Corollary we will intervene to protect our
  economic interests in Latin America
• Taft- Dollar Diplomacy-prop up economies in Latin
  America by guaranteeing loans made by US
  businesses
• Wilson- Missionary Diplomacy-adds morality to
  foreign affairs and only recognize govts that
  were democratic and cordial, not oppressive

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Speak Softly, but carry a Big Stick
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The Mexican Revolution

• Porfirio Diaz, dictator of Mexico for 30 yrs,
  friend to US business, encouraged investment in
  RR, ranches, mines, oil
• Francisco Madero and peasants overthrew
• Madero cant to make democratic reforms
• Overthrown by Gen Huerta, kills Madero
• Wilson calls it government of butchers
• Group US sailors arrested in Tampico, Wilson
  retaliates, occupies port of Veracruz, many die
• Brink of war, but Huerta govt collapse, Carranza
  takes over Mexico, asks for Constitution

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Mexican Rebellion and US

• Mexican rebels still want US out of affairs
• Pancho Villa and Zapata want land reforms,
  business returned to Mexicans
• American engineers headed to run mines taken off
  train and shot by Villa
• US retaliates-Gen John Pershing 15,000 soldiers
  sent to Mexico to capture Villa dead or alive,
  then 150,000 Guardsmen sent to border- seen as
  act of war-some killed
• Finally, 1917 US troops sent home

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