Introduction to Clinical Radiography

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Introduction to Clinical Radiography

• Lecture 8
• R103 Unit IIIAnatomic Positioning Terminology

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Anatomic Terminology

• Anatomic position
• Erect, face forward, feet together, arms at sides
  with palms forward

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Anatomic Terminology

• Plane
• Flat surface passed through the body or a portion
  of the body
• Longitudinal planes
• Coronal
• Sagittal
• Horizontal plane
• Transverse

transverse
mid-sagittal
coronal
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Directional Terms
posterior
anterior
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Joint Movement Terms

• ABDUCT vs. ADDUCT

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Joint Movement Terms

• FLEXION vs. EXTENSION

hyperextend
extend
flexion
flexion
extension
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
neutral
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Joint Movement Terms

• INVERSION vs. EVERSION

turn inward or medially
turn outward or laterally
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Joint Movement Terms

• PRONATION vs. SUPINATION

place on back
place on front
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Joint Movement Terms

• ROTATION vs. CIRCUMDUCTION

pivot
circle
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Body Position Terms

• Describe the overall placement of the body
• Erect "upright"
• Position when the sagittal and coronal planes of
  the body are perpendicular to the horizon
• Recumbent "lying down"
• Position when the transverse plane of the body is
  perpendicular to the horizon

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Body Position Terms

• decubitus vs. recumbent
• general meanings are the same "LYING DOWN"
• but in radiography, decubitus has a special
  meaning
• DECUBITUS
• patient is lying down the x-ray beam is
  parallel to the horizon

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Erect Positions
Left lateral erect position

• Surface of body closest to the film used to give
  a more specific description
• Examples
• Posterior erect -- patient is standing with the
  posterior surface of the body next to the
  cassette
• Left lateral erect -- patient is standing with
  the left side of the body next to the cassette

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Recumbent Positions

• Supine
• (posterior recumbent position)
• Lying down on the back
• Prone
• (anterior recumbent position)
• Lying face down
• xx lateral recumbent
• lying down on the xx side

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Oblique (Erect or Recumbent)

• Position when the body is rotated so that the MS
  plane is neither nor to the film but at an
  angle
• Exact position is indicated by the surface
  closest to the film and the angle of rotation
• May be erect or recumbent
• abbreviations
• RPO, LPO, RAO, LAO

45 RPO
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Decubitus Positions

• Ventral decubitus
• patient is prone a horizontal beam is used
• Dorsal decubitus
• patient is supine a horizontal beam is used
• Left lateral decubitus
• patient lying on the left lateral side a
  horizontal beam is used

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PROJECTION

• Refers to the path the beam takes through part
• Anteroposterior projection (AP)
• Beam enters the front surface and exits the back
  surface of the part
• Posteroanterior projection (PA)
• Beam enters the back and exits the front of the
  part

AP projection in supine position
PA projection in prone position
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Lateral Projections

• Normally the positioning terminology is used
  rather than projection
• torso and head
• Right to left lateral projection
• Left to right lateral projection
• extremities
• Mediolateral projection
• Lateromedial projection

L lateral erect position R to L lateral projection
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Oblique Projections

• Normally the positioning terminology is used
• example
• RPO position right anterior to right
  posterior projection (oblique AP)

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Special Projections (Position)

• Axial
• projection that includes an angulation of the
  beam usually to the long axis of the body part

AP axial with 40 caudal angle

• Tangential
• projection obtained when the CR touches only
  along the edge of a curved body part