FREE ELECTRON LASERS FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANODIAGNOSTICS

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FREE ELECTRON LASERS FOR NANO-TECHNOLOGY AND
NANO-DIAGNOSTICS
V. Kubarev, B. Knyazev, G. Kulipanov, S.
Miginsky, V. Popik and N. Vinokurov Budker
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Contents

• Introduction.
• FELs for nanoscience, nanotechnology and
  nanodiagnostics.
• Budker INP activity in FEL application for
  nanodiagnostics.
• Conclusion.

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Free Electron Lasers (FEL) accelerator based
devices, which convert the energy of relativistic
electrons to light while those electrons pass
through undulator which created periodic magnetic
field. The FEL main advantages are determined
by absence of working medium which is required
for operation of conventional lasers.

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Principle of a Free Electron Laser (FEL)
If wavelength of input radiation
we have synchronism condition of moving electrons
with wave of input radiation
FEL operation energy modulation longitudinal
bunching coherent emission.

• Wavelength tuning is possible with change of
• magnetic field in undulator (KB0?w)
• electron energy (?E/E0)
• period of undulator (?w)

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FEL main Features

• FELs occupy optical spectral range from mm
  to nm.
• Average power up to 10 kW (100kW).
• Peak power up to 2 GW (10 GW).
• Easy and smoothly changing of FEL lasing
  wavelength.
• High efficiency if recuperation used.
• However, up-to-date FELs are big, complicated
  and high- cost facilities .

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FELIX Output Light Parameters

• Wavelength, µm 2.7 - 250
• Laser peak power, MW up to 100
• Bunch length, ps 1-0.25
• Laser pulse energy, µ J 100 300

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Jefferson Lab FEL Output Light Parameters

• Branch IR UV
• Wavelength, µm 1.5 - 14 0.25 - 1
• Laser power, kW gt 10 gt 1
• Bunch length, ps 0.2 20 2 - 2
• Laser pulse energy, µ J 100 300
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FLASH Output Light Parameters, DESY

• Wavelength, nm 6.4
• Laser Peak power, GW 2.3
• Bunch Length, fs 130
• Pulses pes second 72000

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• Electron energy, GeV 8
• X-ray wavwlength, nm 0.06
• Peak powe r, GW 5
• Pulse length, fs lt100

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Layout of the Novosibirsk FEL (1st stage)
Electron beam from the gun passes through the
buncher (a bunching RF cavity), drift section, 2
MeV accelerating cavities and the main
accelerating structure and the undulator, where a
fraction of its energy is converted to radiation.
After that, the beam returns to the main
accelerating structure in a decelerating RF
phase, decreases its energy to its injection
value (2 MeV) and is absorbed in the beam dump.
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• The features of the Novosibirsk THz FEL
• Short pulse duration (40 - 100 ps)
• High peak power (up to 1 MW)
• High average power (up to 400 W)
• Full space coherence
• High longitudinal coherence ( 2 cm)
• Monochromaticity (1-0.3)
• Polarization (degree of linear polarization is
  more than 99 percents)

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2-nd and 3-rd stage Novosibirsk FEL (in
horizontal plane)
RF Cavities
30 120 ?m
5 30 ?m
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Four tracks in horizontal plane with two groups
of undulators and IR FELs (under assembling)
Lasing (2)
Common for all FELs accelerator system
Lasing (4)
One track in vertical plane with one undulator
THz FEL
Lasing (1)
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Average spectral power density of the light
sources
Far IR
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Application of FEL in nanoscience,
nanotechnology and nanodiagnostics
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APPLICATION of FLASH for NANOSCIENCE

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APPLICATION Jefferson Lab FEL for Nanotubes
Production

• The ultrafast pulses (1 ps, frep10MHz) from the
  Jefferson Lab FEL directly excite the reactants
  to form the nanotubes, unlike a conventional
  laser, which heats up a material to produce them
• Diameter of nanotubes can be varied by FEL
  parameters
• Production rate 10 g/hour
• Necessary Quality 80
• Long, Single wall, Pure, Specific Chirality

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Gold Nanocluster Structure identification on
FELIX FEL Facility

FELIX emission as source of intense and tunable
radiation in the far-infrared for spectra
measurement and mass-spectroscopy were used for
gold cluster structure identification.
Two-dimensional structure for neutral Au7 and a
pyramidal structure for neutral Au20 and Au20
were defined.
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THz NovoFEL for ablation and measurement
of nanoparticles
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Ablation of fullerenes
Mo368 5,6 ?? Mo3682 11,2 ??
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Result of Treatment of Marble by THz Emission
(Ablation)(bright light, ablation of
nanoparticles)
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Ablation of crystal minerals (marble)
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Ablation of biomacromolecules

• Binding energy of biomacromolecules and surface
  is defined by the Van der Waals bonds and
  corresponds with multi quantum THz energy.
• Low energy quantum (0.01 eV) retains the
  covalent bonds in molecules intact.
• For that reason the ablated molecules conserve
  native structure.
• On this base were developed methods of protein
  and nucleic acid ablation for biomacromolecules
  transfer from solid surface into aerosol phase.

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Size distribution of the aerosol particles formed
as a result of mild ablation of the mixtured
ring DNA plasmid pBScript (3.6 tbp) and lambda
phage DNA (48 tbp)
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THz for the determination of fraction
composition of
nanomaterialsComparable methods SEM, AFM,
DLS, THz ablation aerosol spectrometryTest
objects polyvinylimidazole, polyacrylic acid,
artificial diamond and SiO2 nanopowders
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SiO2 Ablation (comparison)
Results of ablation of initial non-purified
substance, overall time 20 minutes (2 weeks
another)
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Artificial Nanodiamonds Ablation (comparison)
Results of ablation of initial non-purified
substance
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• THz ablation with subsequent registration of
  aerosol nanoproducts is suitable method for
  analysis of polymers.
• Intercomparison of ablation, DLS, AFM, SEM
  gives commensurable results, but THz ablation
  provides more informative and fast measurement
  of size distribution of nano-objects.
• The method is now being applied in studies
  of real biopolymeric substances (DNA). THz
  ablation found useful for various applications.

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Concept of compact FEL

• Dedicated THZ FEL for nanotechnologies and
  nanodiagnostics
• Energy of electrons lt8 MeV less than
  photo-neutrons threshold
• Compactness
• Wavelength range, µm 100 300
• Average power, W 50
• Peak power, MW up to 1
• Necessary room size, m2 15
• Cost, M lt 2
• Budker INP has more 10 proposals for selling of
  such FELs

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Compact microtron-based terahertz FEL, produced
by BINP (in operation since 1998 in KAERI, S.
Korea)
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Compact FEL
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION