HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT OF EUROPE

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HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT OF EUROPE
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GREEKS

• City-states
• linked by common Greek Language and culture
• Laid the foundation for western civilization
• forms of government, art, literature, theatre,
  and philosophy left a lasting mark on western
  world

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Romans

• Italy
• Mediterranean Empire
• Imitated Greeks and added own developments
• 300 AD Roman Empire divides into West and East
• Cultural differences gradually develop
• EX WEST Roman Catholicism EAST Eastern
  Orthodoxy
• Roman Empire Falls ? beg. Middle Ages

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Black Death

• Define Black Death
• What?
• Where?
• When?
• How?
• The ending marked the beginning of the
  Renaissance

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Black Death

• Define Black Death
• What? A name given to the bubonic plague that
  swept across the Middle East, the Mediterranean
  region, and Europe in the mid 1300s killing up
  to 75 of some populations.
• Where? It entered Europe through Italy, quickly
  spreading throughout the rest of Europe.
• When? Entered Europe in 1347
• How? Trade routes
• The ending marked the beginning of the
  Renaissance

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Crusades

• What?
• The Crusades were a series of military missions,
  usually organized and promoted by the Pope and/or
  Roman Catholic Church. The original intent of the
  crusades was to recapture Christian lands that
  had been invaded by Muslims.
• When?
• The crusades took place through the 11th and 13th
  centuries A.D.
• Where?
• From Europe to the Holy Land (Jerusalem)

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Crusades

• Lets take a closer look at
• The crusades were brutal and evil. Many people
  were forced to "convert" to Christianity. If they
  refused, they were put to death. Even during the
  trips through Europe on the way to the Holy Land,
  pillaging, burning, rape, plunder, and other
  deplorable acts were commonplace.
• Lets Remember
• The church is very corrupt at this time

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Renaissance

• WHAT?
• Definition Rebirth of Greek and Roman culture
• WHEN?
• 1300s
• WHERE?
• Began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe

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Printing Press

• THINK ABOUT IT
• WHAT did we do before the invention of the
  moveable-type printing press?

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Printing Press

• THINK ABOUT IT
• WHAT did we do before the invention of the
  moveable-type printing press?
• Books written out or copied BY HAND!!

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Printing Press

• THINK ABOUT IT
• WHAT did we do before the invention of the
  moveable-type printing press?
• Books written out or copied BY HAND!!
• Only the wealthiest could afford them.

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EDUCATION

• PRE-Renaissance
• Learning to read reserved for those wanting to
  become monks and nuns
• Renaissance
• The rich began educating their children using
  tutors.
• Privilege
• Majority Illiterate

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CHILDHOOD

• Average Life ? 30 yrs
• Boys working as early as 7 yrs.
• Girls married by 14

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Renaissance Art and Artists
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Artists

• Da Vinci - Artist(Mona Lisa, Last Supper) and
  Inventor(Armored Car, Self Propelled Car, Cross
  Bow)
• Michelangelo Artist (Sistine Chapel and Human
  Body) and Sculptor
• Raphael Artist (Cherubs and Madonna)

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Leonardo DaVincis most famous work Mona
Lisa
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Another painting by him was the Last Supper
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Da Vinci was also famous for his many inventions
Here you see an armored car!
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This too was DaVincis inventiona self propelled
car!
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Da Vinci also created the long cross bow!
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DaVinci studied the proportions of man so he
could show more realism in his paintings.
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Michelangelo another of the famous renaissance
artists!
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Michelangelos painting in the Sistine Chapel.
This is a painting of God creating Adam
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This is a photo of the inside of the Sistine
Chapel. Every panel was painted by Michelangelo.
Even the walls!
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• MICHELANGELO WAS FAMOUS FOR THE PAINTING OF THE
  HUMAN BODY.
• HE ACCOMPLISHED THIS BY DIASECTING HUMANS IN HIS
  STUDIO.

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Michelangelo also a sculptor
Here you see the Virgin Mary holding Jesus after
He has been crucified.
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A self-portrait of Raphael another influential
artist of the time!
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Cherubs one of the most used paintings of
Raphael!
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Raphael is best known for his portraits of Madonna
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Question to Ponder?

• How did the technological and artistic advances
  of this period, impact life in the Renaissance as
  well as the future?

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Why is the Renaissance important to us today??

• What are some similarities and differences
  between then and now???

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Reformation (1500s)

• This was a religious movement that led to the
  beginning of Protestants
• The increased production of books and pamphlets
  aided in the religious movement that lessened the
  power of the Roman Catholic Church (R.C.C)
• Religious wars soon began, the R.C.C. was able to
  strengthen power and Protestants began to face
  persecution (a push factor is migration).
• This lead to many protestants leaving Europe all
  together and heading to the Americas in search of
  Religious freedom

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Reformation

• John Wycliffe was involved in pre-reformation
  activities leading to the reformation
• Martin Luther was a main protestant reformer
  during the reformation.

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EXPLORING (1400 and 1500s)

• Europeans began to explore the world
• better navigation tools
• sturdier ships
• Prince Henry of Portugal. Mainly along the
  safety of the Coasts venturing down to Africa
• Christopher Columbus of Spain. He set out for
  Asia by way of the Atlantic Ocean in the 1400s.
• These explorations were financed by the Kings and
  Queens.

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Enlightenment (1600 and 1700s)

• A time when educated Europeans emphasized the
  importance of reason and began to question some
  long standing traditions and values
• This period of Enlightenment brought on both
  economic and political (led to the rise of
  capitalism) change, and revolutions that swept
  the entire region

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Industrial Revolution (Early 1700s)

• A time when society went from traditional to
  modern, agrarian to mechanized, from rural to
  urban, from simple to complex and really
  transformed life in Europe.
• It began in Central England with the textile
  industry.
• Manufacturing, transportation, and communication
  led to the rise of industrial capitalism
• New inventions lead to the Industrial revolution.
  Ex Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin and James
  Hargreaves Spinning Wheel
• Inequalities among social classes and terrible
  working and living conditions for the poor led to
  the rise of communism
• Led to rise in Industrial CAPITALISM an
  economic system in which your profits would be
  used to make your company bigger.

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WWI (1914-1918)

• Unresolved political problems from WWI and world
  wide economic depressions enabled the rise to
  power of Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf
  Hitler in Germany.
• Versailles Peace Treaty found Germany guilty for
  starting war.
• All of these led to the outbreak of WWII

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WWII (1939 1945)

• By the end of the war, most of Europe and much of
  the rest of the world was involved.
• The Holocaust mass killing of millions, mostly
  Jews took place during this war. Hitler and
  his German Nazis were responsible for these
  killings.
• WWII left Europe ruined and divided
• E. Europe Communist controlled by USSR
• W. Europe Democracy received support from
  U.S.
• Communist VS. Democracy part of what led to the
  COLD WAR
• This division is what initially brought on the
  Cold War.

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Cold War (end of WWII until 1991)

• What was the Cold War?
• Power struggle
• Democracy VS. Communism (which was better)
• Nuclear Weapons (who could produce most)
• Space Race (who could get to the moon 1st)
• Who?
• Power Struggle between the US and the Soviet
  Union (USSR)
• The end of the Cold War meant the break up of the
  Soviet Union the fall of Eastern Europes
  Communist Governments and Democracies formed new
  political boundaries for new countries formed
  after the break-up of the Soviet Union.
• The end of the Cold War takes us into the New Era
  of Europe

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New Countries

• USSR breaks apart at the end of Cold War
• Eastern European Countries now separated from
  Soviet control
• New Countries are formed

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New Government

• Eastern Countries say NO to communism and YES to
  democracy
• The transition from communism to democracy is
  hard WHY?

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European Union

• Western Countries formed the EU