Major ConflictsBarriers

1
Major Conflicts/Barriers/ Challenges/Hurdles (Eur
opean Jews) Prior To Presence in USA
2

• Jews have been scapegoats for
• thousands of years, even in ancient
• times, in Egyptian and Roman era
• Due to hate
• Jews endured barriers of intensive
• prejudices, hostile attitudes and
• discriminatory behavior, known as anti-
• Semitism for thousands of years prior to
• migration into America

3

• Jews, face conflicts of great prejudice and
• discrimination and lots of violence on a
• global basis, in different time periods
• Middle Ages
• In the years of ( 1348-1349) Many Jews
• faced gruesome events, (The Black Death)
• In 1391 many Jewish communities had to
• choose between the cross and death, many
• chose the cross and life

4

• The time period during the 1400s Spain
• eliminated many Jews by massacres and
• expulsion
• This cause problems of mass conversion
• and a repeat of tragic epilogue of this
  century
• of religious persecution and intolerance with
• expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 and
• from Portugal in 1496, during the Spanish
• Inquisition

5

• During the 1500 and 1600s was a period of
• migration, Jews were fleeing Catholic
• Inquisition in Portugal, these were the
• Sephardic Jews, with subculture of
• Spain
• Over the next hundreds years migration of
• Marranos, Jews force to convert to
• Christianity by the Spanish Inquisition
• migrated into North America

6

• During the 1700s the immigration of the
• Ashkenazi Jews, Jews from England, Germany,
• and Poland, migrated into the USA, they out
• Sephardic Jews, and integrated into Sephardic
• communities and adapted to Sephardic Jewish
• practices
• By the end of 1700s , during the time of the
• American Revolution ,Jewish American
• population increased from 1,000 to 2,500

7

• After 1820, due to anti-Semitism in economic
• weakness European Jews, from central
• Europe migrated into the USA (German
• Jews)
• In 1830s Jewish sons, young,illiterate
• men, left there households from Europe, due
• to increase restrictions of family( peddlers,
• merchants, and craft workers from small
• towns( settled in Midwest, Far West and
• South

8

• In the 1860s many Jewish Americans had
• established synagogues within their
• communities
• During the 1870s the largest group of Jews
• from eastern Europe migrated into the
• USA, most of them from Russia, in
• opposition of anti-Semitism, and poor
• economic opportunities, a major forces that
• led to their migration

9

• In 1880s Russia massacres,call
• pogroms affected Jews of all ethnicity,
• and increased departure of more
• Jewish migration
• During this time a threat of social
• opposition occurred between
• acculturated German Jews, and eastern
• European Jewish immigrants,due
• to flow of new immigrants, but
• assistance was provide for them

10

• By 1881,until the mid-1920s Jewish
• immigration was nearly 2.5 million,
• largely between 1890 and l914
• Historical Trend Pre WWII
• In 1920s, American Jews of eastern
• Europe flourished compared to
• German descents and was the
• greatest in proportion during this
• time period

11

• Most of the eastern European Jews
• settled among east coat cities
• Many were peddlers, street vendors, and
• unskilled workers, they were part of the
• growing urban communities
• In 1924 Immigration Act, restricted
• many eastern and southern European
• immigration, placing as limit on
• newcomer

12

• During the 1930s few Jew migrated into
• the states, the was due to The Great
• Depression also due to Franklin
• Roosevelt administration,that was an
• obstacles,that were a disgraced towards
• Jewish immigration
• Hitlers rule this was a time during
• Nazi Germany was in a state of Adolf
• (1933-1943),a period of totalitarian( a
• state where a single party and it leader
• suppress all opposition and control all
• aspects of peoples lives

13

• Many Jews lost their lives and
• in landed in concentration camps,
• these were the years of The Holocaust
• due to State Department end to
• immigration action

• Napoleon said, If you fight with your
• enemy long enough, you learn his
• tricks(Tragedy Of The Ages, p.155)

14

• Historical Trend Post WWII
• Postwar refugee, continued to
• immigrate in the 50s and 60s, these
• were new immigrants, and between
• 1966 and 1982, 250,000 Soviet Jew
• migrant into the USA, due to anti
• Semitism
• Today over 200,000 Israeli
• immigrants are in the USA

15

• Since the Jews are a cohesive people,
• the burden of helping these immigrants
• were supported by the Jewish
• American community
• Historical since World War II ,the
• there has been a shift in the Jewish
• American population, from the cities to
• the suburbs, large populations of
• American Jews live in the Northeast,
• from Rhode Island, South and Western
• cities in the USA

16

• Still today 40 percent of American Jews
• Say anti-Semitism, exit is a serious
• Problem,and 55 percent say its not as
• serious, its okay, just as it were in the
• days of the Holocaust
• During 1945 and 1946, post World War
• II there were over forty incident of hate
• crime committed against Jewish
• Americans

17
Citied Works From A History Of
The Jewish People, (By leading scholars at the
Hebrew University Of Jerusalem) edited by
H.H. Ben-Sasson, c1976, Harvard
University Press,Cambridge,Massachusetts,(p.659,
723,p.800-817) The Jewish Mind, by Raphael
Patai,Edited by Charles Scribners Sons, New
York, p.15,Who Is A Jew?p.41
18
Citied Works From Tragedy Of The
Ages(Anti-Semitism) The Root, Cause, and Cure, by
Max Hunterberg, c1937, Association Press, 347
Madison, NY,(p.128-139) Racial and Ethnic
Relations, by Joe R. Feagin Clairece Booher
Feagin,c1999, By Prentice-Hall, Inc, UpperSaddle
River. NJ.(p.161-196)
19

• JEWS, HUMAN BEINGS
• Jews, who were mostly from central
• and eastern Europe, a people with a
• valued talent
• Jews, not of a race, but by recent
• genetic studies coming out of Israel,
• Jews that maintain their racial purity
• while living among Gentile for
• thousands of years, ( this is supported
• by ample data research)

20

• Jews, a people of wealth, due to intelligence
  studies have shown that not only are Ashkenzi
  Jews, highly intelligent, they
• are Asymmetrically intelligent(Albert
  Einstein,Sigmund Freud, and Karl Marx)
• Jews, a people of cohesive or ethnocentric of
  their culture( belong first to the nation of Jews
• Finally, Jews a people, they were
• individual that were prudently frugal, and
• had a back bone with a drive for hard work,
• also a people with creativity

21
European Jews Group Presentation
Presented By Mary Tatum
BY Christine Kyriacou
22
Citied Websites www.p-m-sfreeserve.c
o.uk/texts/Uspol- 3.htm www.motlc.wiestenthal.o
rg/text/ www.partners.org/partner/beyond- The
pale/eng_captions/ www.rrc.edu/journal/recon62_1j
ewish culture.htm www.findarticles.com/cf
www.jewishgates.org/history/holocaust/ Bauer.stm w
ww.essence.com/History/plague.html