Groups

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Groups

• Terms and Titles

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GROUP

• 2 OR MORE PEOPLE
• WHO INTERACT
• SHARE EXPECTATIONS
• AND POSSESS A SENSE OF COMMON IDENTITY

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SOCIAL CATEGORY

• CLASSIFY PEOPLE WITH A COMMON TRAIT OR A COMMON
  STATUS
• SMOKERS
• DRIVERS
• TEENS
• BLONDES
• MALES/FEMALES

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ORGANIZATION OF GROUPS

• FORMAL TAKE A FORM, GOALS AND ACTIVITIES ARE
  DEFINED
• INFORMAL NO OFFICIAL RULES

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SIZE

• DYAD TWO MEMBERS
• TRIAD THREE MEMBERS
• SMALL GROUP 4-15 MEMBERS
• LARGE GROUP 16 MEMBERS OR MORE

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PRIMARY GROUP

• A SMALL, INFORMAL GROUP WHO INTERACT FOR A LONG
  TIME ON A DIRECT AND PERSONAL BASIS
• INVOLVES ENTIRE PERSONALITY
• PERSON ORIENTED
• FAMILY

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SECONDARY GROUP

• A GROUP WHO INTERACT FOR A SPECIAL PURPOSE
• INVOLVES AN ASPECT OF PERSONALITY
• IMPERSONAL AND TEMPORARY
• A PERSON CAN EASILY BE REPLACED
• GOAL ORIENTED

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IN GROUP

• THE GROUP A PERSON BELONGS TO AND IDENTIFIES WITH
• SYMBOLS SEPARATE THEM
• POSITIVE SELF IMAGE
• OTHERS MAY HAVE A NEGATIVE IMAGE
• COMPETE

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OUT GROUP

• A GROUP A PERSON DOES NOT BELONG TO OR IDENTIFY
  WITH

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REFERENCE GROUP

• A GROUP WITH WHOM A PERSON IDENTIFIES WITH AND
  WHOSE ATTITUDES AND VALUES THEY ADOPT
• PEER GROUPS
• CLUBS
• OCCUPATIONS
• GANGS
• POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

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Rules and Socialization

• Socialization is the process of learning
  societys rules
• Norms are social rules or standards
• The Three types of Norms include
• Folkways- simple everyday customs
• Mores- serious rules
• Laws- Norms made and enforced by the government
  of a society. Laws usually apply to mores.

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Following the Norms

• Positive sanctions are rewards that one gets for
  following the norms of a society
• Negative Sanctions are punishments that are
  applied to a person who breaks the norms

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The Parts of Social Structure

• Social structure is the network of interrelated
  statuses and roles that guide human interaction
• A status is a socially defined position in a
  group or in a society. Each status has attacked
  to it one or more roles.
• A role is the behavior- the rights and
  obligations- expected of someone occupying a
  particular status.

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Status

• Status is a way of defining the relationships
  among individuals in a society in terms of their
  rights and obligations.
• Statuses can be either ascribed or achieved.

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Ascribed and Achieved Statuses

• An ascribed status is assigned according to
  standards that are beyond a persons control such
  as age group, gender ( or sex) or race.
• An achieved status is acquired by an individual
  on the basis of some special skill, knowledge, or
  ability. Achieved statuses are acquired on the
  basis of a persons direct effort, often through
  competition.
• Ones master status is the status that plays the
  greatest role in shaping a persons life and
  determining his or her social identity.
• Owned

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Roles

• Roles are the kinds of behavior that a person is
  supposed to exhibit (show) in a particular group
  or society. A person may have several roles at
  one time such as friend, student, son, employee
• Role expectations are socially determined
  behaviors expected of a person performing a role
• Role performance is the actual role behavior

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Role Conflict and Role Strain

• Role conflict occurs when fulfilling the role
  expectations of one status makes it difficult to
  fulfill the role expectations of another status
• Role strain occurs when a person has difficulty
  meeting the role expectations of a single status.

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Die Ende